|  | All ACTG studies | Excluding substudies | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |  | Univariate | Multivariate* | Univariate | Multivariate |
Parameters | Â | Effect (95% CI) | Effect (95% CI) | Effect (95% CI) | Effect (95% CI) |
Time trend effect (per quarter) |  | 27.1 (18.9, 35.4) ¶ | 24.5 (17.6, 31.5) ¶ | 16.1(10.1, 22.1) ¶ | 14.7 (9.4, 20.2) ¶ |
Large studies effect ‡ (per point weight) | 607.9 (284.5, 931.4) ¶ | 701.0 (507.7, 894.4) ¶ | 403.0 (185.6, 20.3) ¶ | 415.1 (261.0, 569.3) ¶ | |
Early starting effect § |  | -1196.0 (-1858.4,-533.7) ¶ | -141.6 (-577.6, 294.3) | -947.4 (-1367.8, -527.0) ¶ | -429.2 (-786.9, -47.9) # |
Studies starting in same quarter (per study) | 59.6 (25.2, 94.0) ¶ | 31.2 (10.6, 51.8) # | 0.7 (-35.9,37.2) | 1.6 (-22.0,25.3) | |
Seasonal effect | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 | Spring | 277.7 (-267.4, 722.8) | 126.3 (-89.5, 342.1) | 166.9 (-164.4, 498.1) | 147.7 (-44.2, 339.5) |
 | Summer | 136.9 (-358.3, 632.0) | 115.5 (-110.4, 341.3) | 75.5 (-255.7, 406.7) | 41.9 (-150.2, 233.9) |
 | Fall | 31.0 (-455.2, 517.2) | 27.8 (-181.7, 237.2) | 21.4 (-303.9, 346.6) | 41.8 (-141.5, 225.1) |
AR1 | Â | Â | 0.15 (-0.14, 0.45) | Â | 0.06 (-0.24, 0.35) |