Table 1 Correspondence of characteristics of diagnostic and statistical testing.

Presence of disease (D+)

Association (H₁ true)

Absence of disease (D-)

No association (H₀ true)

Positive result (T+)

Rejecting H₀

Negative result (T-)

Retaining H₀

Sensitivity = P(T+ | D+)

Power = P(H₀ rejected | H₁ true) = 1 - β

1 - Specificity = 1 - P(T- | D-) = P(T+ | D-)

Significance level = P(H₀ rejected | H₀ true) = α

Prevalence of disease = P(D+)

Prior probability of association = P(H₁ true) = π

Positive predictive value = PPV

= P(D+ | T+)

True report probability = TRP

= P(H₁ true | H₀ rejected)

= 1 - P(H₀ true | H₀ rejected)