Self-perceived quality of life predicts mortality risk better than a multi-biomarker panel, but the combination of both does best

Table 4 Adjusted hazard ratios (HR, 95% CI) for self-rated health (SRH) associated with all-cause mortality.

	SRH in categories
(Ref.: subjects rating SRH "very good" or "good")	"fair"	"poor & very poor"
Model 1: adjusted for age & gender	1.23 (0.81; 1.88)	2.07 (1.34; 3.20) *
Model 1 + socio-demographic factors ^a	1.17 (0.76; 1.78)	1.88 (1.21; 2.90) *
Model 1 + behavioral factors ^b	1.16 (0.75; 1.80)	2.00 (1.28; 3.12) *
Model 1 + comorbidities ^c	1.18 (0.77; 1.81)	1.87 (1.20; 2.91) *
Model 1 + biomarker panel ^d	1.11 (0.70; 1.75)	1.63 (1.02; 2.62) *

* p < 0.05; HR, hazard ratio; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval.
a, HR adjusted for age, gender, civil status, educational level, occupational status, and equalized income.
b, HR adjusted for age, gender, smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical activity, food consumption, and waist circumference.
c, HR adjusted for age, gender, previous history of hypertension, myocardial infarction, stroke, and diabetes mellitus.
d, HR adjusted for age, gender, high sensitive C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, glycated hemoglobin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, glomerular filtration rate, albumin, gamma glutamyltransferase, thyrotropin, and insulin-like growth factor-I.