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Table 5 Bias on the σ 2 parameters as a function of the rate of missing data per item (π), the value of the correlation coefficient ρ between the latent variable Θ and the propensity to have missing data ξ for each method for handling missing data (results for w = 0/w = 1)

From: Imputation by the mean score should be avoided when validating a Patient Reported Outcomes questionnaire by a Rasch model in presence of informative missing data

 

π= 10%

π= 20%

π= 30%

Method

ρ= 0.0

ρ= -0.4

ρ= -0.9

ρ= 0.0

ρ= -0.4

ρ= -0.9

ρ= 0.0

ρ= -0.4

ρ= -0.9

PMS

0.61/0.58

0.61/0.58

0.62/0.57

1.27/1.14

1.27/1.14

1.26/1.11

1.64/1.58

1.59/1.57

1.56/1.50

PMS-R

0.34/0.35

0.34/0.35

0.34/0.34

0.62/0.64

0.62/0.62

0.61/0.62

0.85/0.86

0.82/0.86

0.79/0.81

IMS

-0.15/-0.14

-0.15/-0.15

-0.15/-0.16

-0.24/-0.24

-0.24/-0.24

-0.27/-0.27

-0.28/-0.29

-0.30/-0.29

-0.34/-0.32

IMS-R

-0.23/-0.22

-0.23/-0.23

-0.22/-0.23

-0.38/-0.38

-0.37/-0.38

-0.38/-0.39

-0.45/-0.47

-0.46/-0.46

-0.46/-0.48

CIM

0.59/0.57

0.60/0.58

0.62/0.58

1.15/1.09

1.17/1.13

1.20/1.14

1.54/1.48

1.55/1.56

1.55/1.60

CIM-R

0.32/0.28

0.33/0.29

0.35/0.30

0.59/0.50

0.61/0.52

0.62/0.52

0.80/0.64

0.78/0.66

0.78/0.65

ICS

0.32/0.33

0.32/0.33

0.33/0.33

0.57/0.59

0.57/0.61

0.56/0.57

0.76/0.77

0.74/0.78

0.71/0.74

LOG

0.19/0.20

0.19/0.20

0.18/0.18

0.22/0.22

0.22/0.24

0.16/0.19

0.18/0.16

0.13/0.18

0.02/0.07

LOG-R

-0.03/-0.13

-0.03/-0.03

-0.03/-0.04

-0.12/-0.12

-0.13/-0.12

-0.15/-0.15

-0.20/-0.23

-0.22/-0.22

-0.27/-0.29

MOK

0.30/0.31

0.30/0.31

0.30/0.29

0.54/0.56

0.55/0.57

0.54/0.55

0.75/0.74

0.72/0.76

0.69/0.73

RAS

0.26/0.28

0.26/0.28

0.28/0.27

0.49/0.50

0.49/0.53

0.49/0.53

0.65/0.67

0.62/0.70

0.60/0.70

RAS-R

0.04/0.05

0.04/0.05

0.05/0.04

0.06/0.07

0.07/0.09

0.07/0.09

0.10/0.09

0.08/0.10

0.07/0.09

RAI

0.29/0.31

0.29/0.31

0.30/0.30

1.12/0.92

1.12/0.95

1.11/0.95

1.53/1.40

1.49/1.42

1.46/1.41

WORST

-0.25/-0.21

-0.16/-0.13

-0.04/-0.03

-0.42/-0.27

-0.30/-0.25

-0.15/-0.11

-0.50/-0.47

-0.42/-0.36

-0.28/-0.14

NOIMP

0.01/0.02

0.01/0.02

0.02/0.02

0.00/0.01

0.01/0.02

0.00/-0.00

0.02/0.00

-0.00/0.01

-0.01/-0.01

LD

0.01/0.02

0.02/0.02

-0.00/-0.01

0.02/0.02

0.01/0.02

-0.05/-0.04

0.03/0.03

-0.02/0.02

-0.14/-0.12

FC

0.01/0.01

0.01/0.01

0.02/0.01

0.00/0.00

0.01/0.02

0.01/0.01

0.01/0.00

0.00/0.01

0.01/0.01