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Table 2 Case-series adjusted analysis for 1 year observation period

From: A self-controlled case series to assess the effectiveness of beta blockers for heart failure in reducing hospitalisations in the elderly

Risk Periods

Number of Hospitalisations

Person-Years

Adjusted age and study month only RR(95% CI)

Adjusted* RR(95% CI)

Baseline unexposed Period

Unexposed

3275

2660

1.00 (1.00 - 1.00)

1.00 (1.00 - 1.00)

Pre-exposure to a beta blocker for heart failure

6-8 weeks

18

22

1.37 (0.93 - 2.01)

1.29 (0.88 - 1.89)

4-6 weeks

52

23

3.74 (2.90 - 4.82)

3.47 (2.70 - 4.46)

2-4 weeks

87

24

5.85 (4.72 - 7.26)

4.97 (4.02 - 6.16)

1 day-2 weeks

255

25

15.98 (13.51 - 18.91)

12.72 (10.74 - 15.07)

Post-exposure to a beta blocker for heart failure

1 day-2 weeks

46

25

2.85 (2.18 - 3.72)

2.21 (1.70 - 2.88)

2-4 weeks

25

23

1.63 (1.16 - 2.29)

1.29 (0.92 - 1.80)

1-4 months

94

107

1.34 (1.08 - 1.67)

1.18 (0.94 - 1.47)

4-8 months

46

76

0.78 (0.58 - 1.04)

0.76 (0.57 - 1.02)

8-12 months

15

24

0.66 (0.42 - 1.05)

0.62 (0.39 - 0.99)

  1. *Adjusted for age at heart failure hospitalisation[8], study month and time-varying covariates which were assessed quarterly; co-morbidities using the Australian adaption of Rx-Risk-V[19], number of prescribers, admission into aged care and prescription of frusemide, ACE/A2RB, digoxin and aldosterone antagonists