Table 4 Environment ratings by advertisement-recruited participants bicycle-commuting in the inner urban or suburban area
| Â | Women | Men | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | Only I* (n = 194-197) | Only S* (n = 394-399) | Difference | Only I(n = 74-75) | Only S(n = 151-153) | Difference | ||
Item | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SEd** | p-value | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SEd | p-value |
1. On the whole | 8.72 ± 3.35 | 11.63 ± 2.75 | -2.92 ± 0.28 | 0.000 | 8.47 ± 3.33 | 11.14 ± 2.66 | -2.67 ± 0.44 | 0.000 |
2. Hinders or stimulates | 9.52 ± 3.52 | 11.73 ± 2.70 | -2.21 ± 0.29 | 0.000 | 9.15 ± 2.78 | 11.08 ± 2.83 | -1.94 ± 0.40 | 0.000 |
3. Exhaust fumes | 10.16 ± 2.86 | 6.47 ± 3.75 | 3.69 ± 0.28 | 0.000 | 10.15 ± 2.74 | 6.35 ± 3.40 | 3.79 ± 0.42 | 0.000 |
4. Noise | 9.78 ± 2.78 | 6.56 ± 3.75 | 3.21 ± 0.27 | 0.000 | 9.79 ± 2.78 | 6.78 ± 3.19 | 3.00 ± 0.43 | 0.000 |
5. Flow of motor vehicles | 11.35 ± 2.93 | 6.99 ± 4.13 | 4.36 ± 0.29 | 0.000 | 11.27 ± 2.69 | 7.35 ± 3.55 | 3.92 ± 0.42 | 0.000 |
6. Speeds of motor vehicles | 10.16 ± 2.63 | 7.81 ± 3.34 | 2.35 ± 0.25 | 0.000 | 8.91 ± 2.73 | 8.14 ± 3.15 | 0.76 ± 0.43 | 0.075 |
7. Speeds of bicyclists | 9.91 ± 2.42 | 8.64 ± 2.51 | 1.27 ± 0.22 | 0.000 | 8.77 ± 2.59 | 7.80 ± 1.94 | 0.97 ± 0.34 | 0.005 |
8. Congestion: all types of vehicles | 10.33 ± 2.97 | 5.35 ± 3.55 | 4.98 ± 0.28 | 0.000 | 10.77 ± 2.70 | 5.69 ± 3.23 | 5.09 ± 0.41 | 0.000 |
9. Congestion: bicyclists | 9.01 ± 3.33 | 3.84 ± 2.98 | 5.17 ± 0.27 | 0.000 | 8.20 ± 3.67 | 3.50 ± 2.52 | 4.70 ± 0.47 | 0.000 |
10. Conflicts | 7.81 ± 3.60 | 4.49 ± 3.44 | 3.32 ± 0.30 | 0.000 | 9.08 ± 3.38 | 5.01 ± 3.54 | 4.07 ± 0.49 | 0.000 |
11. Bicycle paths*** | 5.45 ± 2.76 | 6.65 ± 2.84 | -1.20 ± 0.24 | 0.000 | 4.73 ± 2.88 | 6.18 ± 2.78 | -1.45 ± 0.40 | 0.000 |
12. Traffic: unsafe or safe | 8.66 ± 3.59 | 11.61 ± 3.10 | -2.94 ± 0.30 | 0.000 | 8.81 ± 3.54 | 11.46 ± 2.76 | -2.64 ± 0.47 | 0.000 |
13. Greenery | 7.43 ± 4.17 | 12.04 ± 2.88 | -4.61 ± 0.33 | 0.000 | 7.33 ± 3.71 | 11.39 ± 2.84 | -4.06 ± 0.49 | 0.000 |
14. Ugly or beautiful | 10.62 ± 3.32 | 11.28 ± 2.73 | -0.66 ± 0.27 | 0.017 | 10.68 ± 2.93 | 10.53 ± 2.68 | 0.15 ± 0.39 | 0.700 |
15. Course of the route | 6.25 ± 3.43 | 4.74 ± 3.45 | 1.51 ± 0.30 | 0.000 | 7.29 ± 3.86 | 5.31 ± 3.18 | 1.99 ± 0.48 | 0.000 |
16. Hilliness | 4.81 ± 3.46 | 5.78 ± 3.91 | -0.97 ± 0.32 | 0.002 | 5.56 ± 3.48 | 5.93 ± 3.84 | -0.37 ± 0.53 | 0.477 |
17. Red lights | 7.87 ± 3.98 | 3.62 ± 3.52 | 4.26 ± 0.33 | 0.000 | 9.27 ± 3.61 | 3.90 ± 3.20 | 5.36 ± 0.47 | 0.000 |
18. Short or long | 5.26 ± 2.64 | 6.46 ± 3.37 | -1.20 ± 0.25 | 0.000 | 5.52 ± 2.75 | 7.08 ± 2.87 | -1.56 ± 0.40 | 0.000 |