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Table 4 Latent mean differences

From: Measurement invariance of the center for epidemiological studies depression scale (CES-D) among chinese and dutch elderly

 

Chinese

Dutch

dc

 

Ma

SD

Mb

SD

 

Somatic complaints

0.000

0.482

-0.261

0.324

-0.589

Depressive affect

0.000

0.570

-0.259

0.318

-0.506

Positive affect

0.000

0.354

-0.125

0.329

-0.361

Interpersonal problems

0.000

0.574

-0.323

0.184

-0.650

  1. a. Latent means for the Chinese sample are fixed to zero.
  2. b. Latent means for the Dutch group are freely estimated as deviations from the Chinese sample.
  3. c. Effect size calculations are based on Hancock (2001); negative d values indicate higher scores for Chinese elderly adults.