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Table 3 Example of 'interventions and study design' output: Prevention and management of skeletal muscle spasticity in the rehabilitation phase of TBI

From: The Global Evidence Mapping Initiative: Scoping research in broad topic areas

Intervention

n

SR

RCT

X-over

Cohort

ITS

Case series

Case report

Casting/splinting

16

1

 

2

1

2

5

5

TENS

2

     

1

1

Baclofen: Intrathecal long term

16

 

1

  

3

11

1

Baclofen: Intrathecal bolus/test dose

5

 

1

  

3

 

1

Baclofen: Oral

1

     

1

 

Botulinum toxin (Botox)

10

 

3

  

1

2

4

Clonidine

1

 

1

     

Lower leg casting/splinting & Botox

1

 

1

     

Cryotherapy

1

     

1

 

Phenol nerve block

1

     

1

 

Weight-bearing gait retraining

1

      

1

Divolproex sodium

1

      

1

Bobath treatment

1

      

1

Voice and respiration treatment

1

      

1

Rhythmic, passive movement

1

      

1

Seating

1

      

1

Combination of therapies

1

      

1

  1. SR: Systematic Review
  2. RCT: Randomised Controlled Trial
  3. X-over: Crossover trial
  4. ITS: Interrupted Time Series
  5. TENS: Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation
  6. Commentary on evidence
  7. Over half of the 61 studies investigated pharmacological/neurotoxin therapies for managing spasticity in TBI. However, no systematic review of this literature was identified. The next most common intervention under investigation was casting/splinting. One systematic review of this intervention was identified [23]. Only ten of the 61 studies investigated therapies other than pharmacological/neurotoxin agents or casting/splinting.
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BMC Medical Research Methodology

ISSN: 1471-2288

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