Figure 2From: Simulation methods to estimate design power: an overview for applied research Summary of random effects draws used in a basic simulation of a cluster-level intervention with individual-level outcomes ( y ij ). The population mean is μ, b i are random effects at the cluster level and ε ij are random errors at the individual level. β 1 is the assumed difference in y ij for individuals in treated clusters versus individuals in control clusters.Back to article page