Table 2 Reasons against participation in medicinal studies
Reasons for non-participation | Statistical output |
|---|---|
Inconspicuous mammography result | Inconspicuous result of a mammography (42%, n = 84) [15] |
Additional chronic and/or acute sickness | Current chronic or acute sickness (20%, n = 40) [15], having a higher risk of developing other diseases than breast cancer (more than 50%, n > 14) [19] |
Skepticism towards clinical studies | General skepticism towards clinical studies (2%, n = 4) [15] |
Feeling of becoming an "experiment" by participating | The thought of being an experiment (10%, n = 3) [11] |
Additional family problems or no family support | Family problems (5%, n = 9) [18] |
Fear of possible side effects | Side effects (14%, n = 4) [11], (3%, n = 6) [15], 31% (n = 59) [18], 35% (n = 8) [19], willingness decreased from 72% (n = 324) to 52% after explanation of side effects, and to 45% after uterine cancer was mentioned [17] |
Preference of a certain treatment form | Preferences regarding chemotherapy (21%, n = 6) [11], not the same advantages as a menopausal hormone replacement therapy (22%, n = 5) [19] |
Additional time necessary | Level of trial inconvenience regarding to the time requirements (P = 0.002, OR = 0.10, 95%CI [0.02-0.44]) [12], need too much time for the study (7%, n = 14) [15], additional time and effort needed (22%, n = 5) [19] |
Study lasts too long | Aversion to taking tamoxifen for 5 years (14%, n = 4) [11], study duration (6%, n = 11) [18] |
Too far to travel from home to place of study | Too far to travel from home to the examination center (12%, n = 24) [15], distance (4%, n = 8) [18] |
Randomization | Aversion regarding the allotment of treatments in the study (38%, n = 11) or regarding the randomization (17%, n = 5) [11], randomization (39%, n = 9) [19] |
Fear of medication abuse | Medication abuse (33%, n = 64) [18] |
Incompatibility of own therapy and study medication | Incompatibility of their hormone replacement therapy with the study medication (22%, n = 5) [19] |
Concern of not receiving appropriate therapy for oneself | Concern of receiving the appropriate treatment (7%, n = 2) [11] |
Not willing to lose control over personal decisions | Loss of control (7%, n = 2) [11], women who refused showed preferences regarding personal decision making (72%) versus women who accepted (35%) (P < 0.001) [16] |
Not willing to decide for oneself regarding participation | Not want to make own decision because physician should decide (10%, n = 3) [11] |
Physician's advice not to participate | Physician counsel not to participate (24%, n = 46) [18] |