Table 3 TICS scale properties for different age cohorts and for gender
Scale | Items | Range a | Reliabilities | Skewness | Kurtosis | M (SD) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cronbach's α | Split-half b | ISC range | Total sample | 14-44 years | 45-64 years | 65-99 years | Women | Men | |||||
N = 2,339 | N = 1,087 | N = 746 | N = 506 | N = 1,231 | N = 1,108 | ||||||||
Work Overload | 8 | 0-31(0-32) | .88 | .87 | .52-.74 | .24*** | -.48*** | 9.8 (6.22) | 11.4*** (5.85) | 9.8*** (6.11) | 6.4 (5.74) | 10.0 (6.28) | 9.6 (6.16) |
Social Overload | 6 | 0-24(0-24) | .86 | .87 | .57-.69 | .27*** | -.48*** | 7.5 (4.97) | 8.4** (4.82) | 7.6*** (4.78) | 5.2 (4.89) | 7.8** (5.10) | 7.1 (4.81) |
Pressure to Perform | 9 | 0-35(0-36) | .90 | .90 | .58-.72 | .09 | -.53*** | 12.3 (7.10) | 14.2*** (6.65) | 12.1*** (6.89) | 8.5 (6.78) | 11.9** (7.07) | 12.7 (7.11) |
Work Discontent | 8 | 0-32(0-32) | .85 | .85 | .53-.66 | .25*** | -.30** | 9.7 (5.55) | 10.3 (5.49) | 9.7*** (5.55) | 8.1 (5.35) | 9.6 (5.58) | 9.7 (5.51) |
Excessive Demands at Work | 6 | 0-24(0-24) | .87 | .87 | .61-.71 | .63*** | -.06 | 5.6 (4.28) | 5.9 (4.29) | 5.5 (4.13) | 5.1 (4.43) | 5.7 (4.30) | 5.5 (4.26) |
Lack of Social Recognition | 4 | 0-16(0-16) | .81 | .82 | .58-.67 | .42*** | -.39*** | 4.5 (3.21) | 5.0** (3.19) | 4.6*** (3.10) | 3.3 (3.10) | 4.5 (3.22) | 4.5 (3.20) |
Social Tensions | 6 | 0-24(0-24) | .88 | .88 | .65-.73 | .56*** | -.11 | 6.1 (4.55) | 6.8** (4.41) | 6.1*** (4.48) | 4.7 (4.63) | 6.0 (4.54) | 6.2 (4.56) |
Social Isolation | 6 | 0-24(0-24) | .82 | .81 | .56-.71 | .59*** | -.07 | 4.6 (3.41) | 6.9 (4.84) | 7.3 (4.98) | 7.3 (5.43) | 7.5*** (5.14) | 6.7 (4.84) |
Chronic Worrying | 4 | 0-16(0-16) | .83 | .84 | .58-.71 | .53*** | -.06 | 4.8 (3.34) | 4.9 (3.35) | 4.9* (3.32) | 4.4 (3.34) | 5.0*** (3.39) | 4.5 (3.27) |
Chronic Stress Screening Scale | 12 | 0-46(0-48) | .91 | .88 | .55-.71 | .33*** | -.48*** | 13.3 (8.34) | 14.4* (8.31) | 13.4*** (8.08) | 11.0 (8.34) | 13.7* (8.46) | 12.9 (8.18) |