Measurement error in time-series analysis: a simulation study comparing modelled and monitored data

Table 5 Estimated attenuation in the health effect estimate: comparing simulation and theory

Data description		Ozone β × 10 = 0.00399		log_e(Nitrogen Dioxide) β = 0.0419
		Simulation	Theory	Simulation	Theory
		$\hat{β} \times 10$	$\hat{β} \times 10$	$\hat{β}$	$\hat{β}$
*Monitor data:* measurements from a single monitor used for each 5 km × 5km grid within region (instrument and monitor-site location error included)	Urban background	0.00375	0.00367	0.0297	0.0293
	Rural	0.00346	0.00336	0.0258	0.0255
*Model data:* grid-specific model data	Urban background	0.00325	0.00332	0.0193	0.0196
	Rural	0.00310	0.00318	0.0233	0.0236

For model data we base our predictions on the average observed within-site covariance rather than the average observed within-site correlation.

ISSN: 1471-2288