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Table 5 Sub-group analysis of item responses by Geographic Location

From: Risk of bias of randomized controlled trials published in orthopaedic journals

Randomization

Y

N

DK

Asia

11(64.7)

4(23.5)

2(11.8)

Europe

78(75.0)

6(5.8)

20(19.2)

N. America

66(62.9)

7(6.7)

32(30.5)

Oceana

9(81.8)

0(0)

2(18.2)

Mixed

1(50.0)

0(0)

1(50.0)

Allocation Concealment

Asia

11(64.7)

4(23.5)

2(11.8)

Europe

78(75.0)

4(3.9)

22(21.2)

N. America

66(62.9)

7(6.7)

32(30.5)

Oceana

8(72.7)

0(0)

3(27.3)

Mixed

1(50.0)

0(0)

1(50.0)

Blinding of Participants

Asia

2(11.8)

0(0)

15(88.2)

Europe

21(20.2)

24(23.1)

59(56.7)

N. America

23(21.9)

24(22.9)

58(55.2)

Oceana

2(18.2)

3(27.3)

6(54.6)

Mixed

1(50.0)

0(0)

1(50.0)

Blinding of Assessors

Asia

9(52.9)

2(11.8)

6(35.3)

Europe

51(49.0)

22(21.2)

31(29.8)

N. America

51(48.6)

13(12.4)

41(39.1)

Oceana

6(54.6)

1(9.1)

4(36.4)

Mixed

1(50.0)

0(0)

1(50.0)

Outcome Measurement

Asia

15(88.2)

1(5.9)

1(5.9)

Europe

99(95.2)

0(0)

5(4.8)

N. America

99(94.3)

1(1.0)

5(4.8)

Oceana

10(90.0)

0(0)

1(9.1)

Mixed

2(100)

0(0)

0(0)

Similarly Trained Individuals

Asia

10(58.8)

0(0)

7(41.2)

Europe

54(51.9)

1(1.0)

49(47.1)

N. America

46(43.8)

2(1.9)

57(54.3)

Oceana

3(27.3)

0(0)

8(72.7)

Mixed

0(0)

0(0)

2(100)

Compliance with Intervention

Asia

11(64.7)

5(29.4)

1(5.9)

Europe

76(73.1)

28(26.9)

0(0)

N. America

69(65.7)

36(34.3)

0(0)

Oceana

9(81.8)

2(18.2)

0(0)

Mixed

1(50.0)

1(50.0)

0(0)

Intent to Treat Analysis

Asia

6(6.1)

0(0)

11(64.7)

Europe

47(45.2)

1(1.0)

56(53.9)

N. America

43(41.0)

3(2.9)

59(56.2)

Oceana

5(45.5)

0(0)

6(54.6)

Mixed

2(100)

0(0)

0(0)

Clustering

Asia

0(0)

0(0)

17(100)

Europe

0(0)

0(0)

104(100)

N. America

1(1.0)

0(0)

104(99.1)

Oceana

0(0)

0(0)

11(100)

Mixed

0(0)

0(0)

2(100)

Similar at Baseline

Asia

13(76.5)

1(5.9)

3(17.7)

Europe

67(64.4)

8(7.7)

29(27.9)

N. America

79(75.2)

9(8.6)

17(16.2)

Oceana

7(63.6)

2(18.2)

2(18.2)

Mixed

2(100)

0(0)

0(0)