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Table 2 Exposure to proton pump inhibitors and risk of hospitalisation for pneumonia; cohort study adjusted analysis

From: Proton pump inhibitors and the risk of pneumonia: a comparison of cohort and self-controlled case series designs

Risk periods

Number of hospitalizations for pneumonia

Person-years

Unadjusted rate ratios

Adjusted* rate ratios (95% CI)

Baseline unexposed to a proton pump inhibitor

Unexposed

5598

346016

1.00

1.00

Post-exposure to proton pump inhibitors

1–7 days

59

1043

3.50 (2.71 – 4.52)

3.24 (2.50 – 4.19)

8–30 days

118

3344

2.18 (1.82 – 2.62)

2.02 (1.68 – 2.42)

>30 days

989

33449

1.83 (1.71 – 1.96)

1.55 (1.44 – 1.67)

  1. *Adjusted for age at entry into the cohort, gender, socioeconomic index of disadvantage for area of residence [11] at study entry, number of co-morbidities (assessed annually using the validated Rx-Risk-V [12] score), season, residential aged-care status, use of tiotropium as a proxy indicator of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), use of angiotensin renin system medicines concurrent with frusemide as a proxy indicator of those with heart failure, number of prescriptions, number of prescribers, number of pharmacies, occupational therapy visits and speech pathology services.