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Country
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Research question
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1. Is the research question/problem clearly stated?
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2. Is the research question meaningful, significant, and worthy of investigation?
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Study aim/purpose
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3. Is the study aim/purpose clearly stated?
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4. Does the literature review provide sufficient context and background to justify the study?
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5. Are the concepts central to the research question clearly defined?
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Design type
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6. Is the methodological approach clearly stated?
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7. What methodology guides the design?
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8. Are the methodological assumptions underpinning the study clearly stated?
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9. Is there a fit between the methodological approach and the research question?
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Data source
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10. What is the data source?
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11. Is the data source appropriate for the research question?
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Method
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12. Is the data collection method clearly described?
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13. Is the data collection method appropriate for the research question?
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14. Is the sample size clearly stated?
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15. Is recruitment clearly described?
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16. Is the data collection method consistent with the methodological approach?
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Data analysis
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17. Is the approach to data analysis clearly stated?
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18. Is the method of data analysis consistent with the methodological approach?
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Rigor
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19. Evidence of credibility/internal validity: e.g., member checking; triangulation; prolonged engagement
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20. Evidence of transferability/external validity: e.g., robust description of setting, participants, content and findings
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21. Evidence of dependability/reliability: audit trail describing researcher(s) data, methods, analysis and decision-making
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22. Evidence of confirmability/objectivity: clearly stated epistemic stance including researcher assumptions, reflectivity and audit trail
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Findings
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23. Are the findings clearly stated?
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24. Is the interpretation of the findings well supported by the literature?
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25. Are the findings/conclusions clearly linked to the data?
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Ethical issues
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26. Does the study follow principles of ethical research?
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27. Did the study receive ethics approval?
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Overall
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28. Is the research design sound?
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