Article author/title | Guiding questions |
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Country | |
Research question | 1. Is the research question/problem clearly stated? |
2. Is the research question meaningful, significant, and worthy of investigation? | |
Study aim/purpose | 3. Is the study aim/purpose clearly stated? |
4. Does the literature review provide sufficient context and background to justify the study? | |
5. Are the concepts central to the research question clearly defined? | |
Design type | 6. Is the methodological approach clearly stated? |
7. What methodology guides the design? | |
8. Are the methodological assumptions underpinning the study clearly stated? | |
9. Is there a fit between the methodological approach and the research question? | |
Data source | 10. What is the data source? |
11. Is the data source appropriate for the research question? | |
Method | 12. Is the data collection method clearly described? |
13. Is the data collection method appropriate for the research question? | |
14. Is the sample size clearly stated? | |
15. Is recruitment clearly described? | |
16. Is the data collection method consistent with the methodological approach? | |
Data analysis | 17. Is the approach to data analysis clearly stated? |
18. Is the method of data analysis consistent with the methodological approach? | |
Rigor | 19. Evidence of credibility/internal validity: e.g., member checking; triangulation; prolonged engagement |
20. Evidence of transferability/external validity: e.g., robust description of setting, participants, content and findings | |
21. Evidence of dependability/reliability: audit trail describing researcher(s) data, methods, analysis and decision-making | |
22. Evidence of confirmability/objectivity: clearly stated epistemic stance including researcher assumptions, reflectivity and audit trail | |
Findings | 23. Are the findings clearly stated? |
24. Is the interpretation of the findings well supported by the literature? | |
25. Are the findings/conclusions clearly linked to the data? | |
Ethical issues | 26. Does the study follow principles of ethical research? |
27. Did the study receive ethics approval? | |
Overall | 28. Is the research design sound? |