Barriers | Strategies |
---|---|
Difficult to locate or reach and access groups (e.g., homeless people living on the streets) | • Snowball/social network or respondent-driven recruitment [33, 57, 60, 62, 79, 84, 102–104, 116],[118, 126, 129] |
Frequent change of address or self-identifying, (e.g. GLBT) results in no sampling frame. | |
 | |
 | • Capture-recapture [95] |
 | • Adaptive sampling [53] |
 | • Partnerships with community groups [32, 40, 44, 47, 54, 60–62, 67, 74],[103, 116, 118, 122, 128] |
Low prevalence in population (e.g., Aboriginal people). | • Combination of various data sources as a novel methodology to avoid sampling [62, 97] or supplementing with additional data (e.g. from qualitative research) [44, 47, 54, 60, 67, 103, 113, 122],[128] |
 | • Statistical analysis techniques to population survey data for low-frequency samples [91] |
 | • Internet samples [51] |