From: Comparison of methods for imputing limited-range variables: a simulation study
Scenario | Validation statistics | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Likert |
| U = 0.1855 |  |  |  | |
MCAR |
| bias |
|
| (1 + m - 1)E[B m ] | coverage for |
Regression, non-rounded | 10.2319 | 0.0008 | 0.1862 | 0.0179 | 0.0174 | 0.943 |
Post-imputation rounding | 10.2445 | 0.0134 | 0.1851 | 0.0180 | 0.0167 | 0.941 |
Truncated regression | 10.2206 | -0.0105 | 0.1846 | 0.0172 | 0.0172 | 0.959 |
Predictive mean matching | 10.1805 | -0.0506 | 0.1832 | 0.0176 | 0.0138 | 0.894 |
MAR | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Regression, non-rounded | 10.2243 | -0.0068 | 0.1838 | 0.0220 | 0.0191 | 0.939 |
Post-imputation rounding | 10.2353 | 0.0042 | 0.1828 | 0.0221 | 0.0185 | 0.928 |
Truncated regression | 10.2183 | -0.0128 | 0.1825 | 0.0219 | 0.0191 | 0.936 |
Predictive mean matching | 10.1378 | -0.0933 | 0.1818 | 0.0213 | 0.0158 | 0.852 |
C-GHQ |
| U = 0.1055 |  |  |  | |
MCAR |
| bias |
|
| (1 + m - 1)E[B m ] | coverage for |
Regression, non-rounded | 3.3178 | -0.0002 | 0.1058 | 0.0055 | 0.0054 | 0.956 |
Post-imputation rounding | 3.3741 | 0.0561 | 0.1023 | 0.0053 | 0.0044 | 0.846 |
Truncated regression | 3.5582 | 0.2402 | 0.1025 | 0.0054 | 0.0077 | 0.233 |
Predictive mean matching | 3.2931 | -0.0248 | 0.1048 | 0.0058 | 0.0050 | 0.925 |
MAR | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Regression, non-rounded | 3.3150 | -0.0029 | 0.1055 | 0.0065 | 0.0061 | 0.946 |
Post-imputation rounding | 3.3687 | 0.0508 | 0.1021 | 0.0061 | 0.0050 | 0.880 |
Truncated regression | 3.5505 | 0.2326 | 0.1024 | 0.0060 | 0.0086 | 0.318 |
Predictive mean matching | 3.2664 | -0.0515 | 0.1045 | 0.0067 | 0.0059 | 0.880 |
Standard |
| U = 0.094 |  |  |  | |
MCAR |
| bias |
|
| (1 + m - 1)E[B m ] | coverage for |
Regression, non-rounded | 1.8085 | 0.0004 | 0.0951 | 0.0045 | 0.0045 | 0.950 |
Post-imputation rounding | 1.9276 | 0.1195 | 0.0894 | 0.0046 | 0.0029 | 0.436 |
Truncated regression | 2.2988 | 0.4907 | 0.0982 | 0.0078 | 0.0434 | 0.293 |
Predictive mean matching | 1.7791 | -0.0290 | 0.0934 | 0.0044 | 0.0035 | 0.894 |
MAR | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Regression, non-rounded | 1.8057 | -0.0024 | 0.0941 | 0.0056 | 0.0051 | 0.933 |
Post-imputation rounding | 1.9198 | 0.1117 | 0.0887 | 0.0054 | 0.0033 | 0.552 |
Truncated regression | 2.3043 | 0.4962 | 0.0984 | 0.0082 | 0.0445 | 0.291 |
Predictive mean matching | 1.7624 | -0.0457 | 0.0930 | 0.0053 | 0.0040 | 0.848 |