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Table 3 Health care surveys that compared identifiable and non-identifiable surveys

From: Effect of numbering of return envelopes on participation, explicit refusals, and bias: experiment and meta-analysis

Author, year

Population

Survey topic

Intervention

Control

King, 1970

College students

Drug use

Coded questionnaire

Non-coded questionnaire

King, 1970

College students

Drug use and attitudes

Campbell, 1990

General population

AIDS knowledge

Numbering with warning of reminders

Non-numbered questionnaire

Akl, 2011

Residency program directors (Family medicine)

Characteristics of residency program

Questionnaire numbered “to avoid sending reminders”

Non-numbered questionnaire

Akl, 2011

Residency program directors (Internal medicine)

Kundig, 2011

Hospital staff

Patient safety culture

Numbered questionnaire

Non-numbered questionnaire

This study

Hospital doctors and nurses

Regret associated with health care

Numbered envelope

Non-numbered envelope