From: Dealing with missing data in a multi-question depression scale: a comparison of imputation methods
Missing Data Scenario | Method | Mean | SD | Spearman | % Misclassified | Kappa |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
P = 0.10 N = 1379** μ = 43.68 σ = 10.98 | Random Selection | 45.99* | 10.65 | 0.906 | 15% (207) | 0.684 |
 | Preceding Question | 44.69* | 10.07 | 0.946 | 8.7% (120) | 0.807 |
 | Question Mean | 43.75 | 9.84* | 0.986 | 7.5% (104) | 0.823 |
 | Individual Mean | 43.74 | 11.11 | 0.986 | 5.4% (74) | 0.880 |
 | Single Regression | 44.03 | 10.71 | 0.981 | 5.6%(77) | 0.873 |
 | Multiple Imputation | 44.01 | 10.73 | 0.987 | 4.7% (65) | 0.893 |
P = 0.20 N = 1562** μ = 43.64 σ = 10.98 | Random Selection | 47.25* | 11.14 | 0.784 | 28.2% (440) | 0.452 |
 | Preceding Question | 46.41* | 9.79* | 0.898 | 14.4% (225) | 0.700 |
 | Question Mean | 43.59 | 8.88* | 0.974 | 12.1% (189) | 0.709 |
 | Individual Mean | 43.59 | 11.26 | 0.974 | 8.9% (139) | 0.802 |
 | Single Regression | 44.03 | 10.65 | 0.966 | 9.6% (150) | 0.781 |
 | Multiple Imputation | 44.06 | 10.49 | 0.976 | 7.0% (110) | 0.839 |
P = 0.30 N = 1579** μ = 43.62 σ = 10.93 | Random Selection | 49.09* | 11.92* | 0.610 | 41.0% (647) | 0.267 |
 | Preceding Question | 48.62* | 9.55* | 0.867 | 23.6% (373) | 0.549 |
 | Question Mean | 43.60 | 8.05* | 0.958 | 14.9% (235) | 0.629 |
 | Individual Mean | 43.66 | 11.33 | 0.955 | 10.8% (171) | 0.760 |
 | Single Regression | 44.39 | 10.33 | 0.937 | 11.4%(180) | 0.738 |
 | Multiple Imputation | 44.32 | 10.21 | 0.959 | 9.2% (145) | 0.789 |
Q6 N = 1406** μ = 43.49 σ = 10.89 | Random Selection | 45.62 | 10.38 | 0.901 | 16.6% (233) | 0.649 |
 | Preceding Question | 41.66* | 10.73 | 0.970 | 10.2% (143) | 0.753 |
 | Question Mean | 43.43 | 9.67* | 0.987 | 8.4% (118) | 0.798 |
 | Individual Mean | 43.37 | 11.03 | 0.984 | 5.7% (80) | 0.870 |
 | Single Regression | 43.66 | 10.67 | 0.978 | 6.8%(95) | 0.842 |
 | Multiple Imputation | 43.67 | 10.61 | 0.986 | 5.8% (81) | 0.866 |
MAR – Age and Sex N = 1429** μ = 43.60 σ = 10.90 | Random Selection | 45.85 | 10.48 | 0.885 | 18.1 %(259) | 0.618 |
 | Preceding Question | 44.81 | 10.09 | 0.940 | 8.9% (127) | 0.804 |
 | Question Mean | 43.63 | 9.65* | 0.984 | 7.4% (106) | 0.825 |
 | Individual Mean | 43.65 | 11.05 | 0.982 | 5.7% (82) | 0.867 |
 | Single Regression | 43.89 | 10.67 | 0.978 | 7.1%(102) | 0.835 |
 | Multiple Imputation | 43.91 | 10.58 | 0.985 | 5.3% (77) | 0.877 |
MNAR N = 1406** μ = 43.51 σ = 10.80 | Random Selection | 45.82* | 10.46 | 0.899 | 15.7% (221) | 0.741 |
 | Preceding Question | 44.44 | 10.06 | 0.947 | 9.7% (136) | 0.839 |
 | Question Mean | 43.51 | 9.66* | 0.987 | 8.4% (118) | 0.850 |
 | Individual Mean | 43.50 | 10.90 | 0.985 | 5.9% (83) | 0.902 |
 | Single Regression | 43.54 | 10.78 | 0.975 | 7.7% (108) | 0.871 |
 | Multiple Imputation | 43.54 | 10.65 | 0.986 | 6.1% (86) | 0.897 |