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Table 7 Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals (in brackets) and percentages of non-responders indicating the factors associated with non-response to questionnaire items eliciting information on income.

From: Factors affecting study efficiency and item non-response in health surveys in developing countries: the Jamaica national healthy lifestyle survey

 

Withholding income data

Sub-population

Weighted estimates

Un-weighted estimates

 

%

OR (95% C.I.)

%

OR (95% C.I.)

Highest education level**

    

Primary & All Age

24.7

1.0

27.3

1.0

Secondary

34.7

1.73 (1.24, 2.41)

33.1

1.53 (1.17, 1.99)

Tertiary

27.7

1.55 (0.82, 2.93)

27.7

1.43 (0.93, 2.18)

Unemployed**

    

Yes

42.4

1.0

40.5

1.0

No

25.1

0.48 (0.34, 0.67)

24.6

0.52 (0.41, 0.66)

Age categories (years)**

    

15–24

43.5

1.0

41.9

1.0

25–34

21.1

0.37 (0.26, 0.53)

22.2

0.42 (0.30, 0.58)

35–44

26.2

0.56 (0.36, 0.85)

26.6

0.58 (0.42, 0.81)

45–54

21.5

0.55 (0.35, 0.86)

22.7

0.58 (0.39, 0.87)

55–64

31.3

0.77 (0.47, 1.26)

32.3

0.79 (0.53, 1.18)

65–75

38.4

0.99 (0.64, 1.53)

39.9

1.07 (0.72, 1.60)

Gender

    

Male

27.9

1.00

27.9

1.00

Female

32.8

0.98 (0.71, 1.35)

31.5

1.01 (0.81, 1.28)

Health Regions**

    

South East

25.8

1.00

25.0

1.00

North East

20.7

1.07 (0.39, 2.96)

22.9

1.27 (0.88, 1.83)

South

45.0

3.15 (1.26, 7.90)

45.5

3.32 (2.45, 4.49)

West

36.3

2.26 (1.18, 4.35)

35.0

2.30 (1.68, 3.15)

Socioeconomic Status 1

    

Low

30.1

1.00

29.2

1.00

Middle

30.6

1.08 (0.74, 1.59)

31.2

1.12 (0.89, 1.42)

High

29.8

0.95 (0.43, 2.10)

29.5

1.03 (0.65, 1.61)

Urban resident

    

No

28.6

1.0

28.8

1.0

Yes

32.3

1.54 (0.77, 3.07)

32.0

1.66 (1.29, 2.15)

  1. ** – P < 0.01
  2. 1 These categories represent socioeconomic status as perceived by the interviewer