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Table 3 Examples of rates of exposure to pre and peri-natal risk factors in all conception groups

From: Do intrauterine or genetic influences explain the foetal origins of chronic disease? A novel experimental method for disentangling effects

 

Homologous IVF

N (%)

Sperm donation

N (%)

Egg donation

N (%)

Embryo donation

N (%)

Gestational surrogacy

N (%)

Total

N (%)

High blood pressure during pregnancy requiring hospitalisation

40 (10.8%)

22 (13.1%)

37 (26.1%)

5 (17.2%)

1 (6.7%)

105 (14.5%)

High blood sugar during pregnancy

21 (6.0%)

10 (6.0%)

15 (10.7%)

0 --

2 (13.3%)

48 (6.8%)

Cigarette smoking during pregnancy

25 (6.8%)

7 (4.2%)

4 (2.8%)

3 (10.3%)

1 (7.1%)

40 (5.5%)

Alcohol during pregnancy

89 (24.1%)

46 (27.4%)

34 (23.8%)

3 (10%)

3 (21.4%)

175 (24.1%)

Multiple birth

76 (20.1%)

45 (24.1%)

35 (24.1%)

6 (19.4%)

6 (37.5%)

168 (22.7%)

Low infant birth weight a

55 (14.7%)

33 (19.6%)

34 (23.4%)

5 (16.7%)

6 (40%)

133 (18.2%)

Low infant birth weight a (excluding multiple births)

20 (6.7%)

10 (8.0%)

15 (13.6%)

3 (12.5%)

1 (11.1%)

49 (8.6%)

  1. a low birth weight is defined as 2500 grams or less
  2. -- percentage not calculable