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Table 5 Simulation study with 2000 replications

From: Statistical methods to correct for verification bias in diagnostic studies are inadequate when there are few false negatives: a simulation study

Percentage Verified

Proportion with n false negatives

AUC over 2000 replications

Coverage Probability over 2000 replications

 

n = 0

n = 1

n = 2

n > 2

Mean

2.5th – 97.5th percentile

 

Probabilities of verification likely to be encountered in a screening study

True

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

0.750

0.728, 0.774

95%

10%

83%

16%

2%

0%

0.758

0.577, 0.860

77%

30%

41%

37%

17%

6%

0.752

0.677, 0.813

89%

60%

1%

6%

12%

80%

0.750

0.713, 0.786

93%

Probabilities of verification were adjusted such that false negatives were more (less) likely to be present for 10% (60%) verified

10%

25%

35%

23%

16%

0.751

0.677, 0.820

93%

60%

98%

3%

0%

0%

0.728

0.552, 0.819

67%

  1. 5000 participants are enrolled in a screening study with an underlying incidence of disease of 10%. False negatives are defined as verified participants with a diagnostic test result less than the 20th percentile of the diagnostic test results and with a positive gold standard result.