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Table 1 Factor loadings (λ) and thresholds (τ) of GHQ-12 and Affectometer-2 items

From: An evaluation of computerized adaptive testing for general psychological distress: combining GHQ-12 and Affectometer-2 in an item bank for public mental health research

Item

Abbreviated item wording

M-1 model

Updated model

λ gen

λ pos

τ1

τ 2

τ 3

τ 4

λ gen

λ posAff

λ posGHQ

τ1

τ 2

τ 3

τ 4

GHQ 1

Able to concentrate

0.68

−0.12

−1.30

1.01

1.89

-

0.58

-

0.60

−1.30

1.01

1.89

-

GHQ 2

Lost sleep

0.66

-

−0.14

0.87

1.59

-

0.67

-

-

−0.14

0.87

1.59

-

GHQ 3

Play useful part

0.60

−0.14

−0.99

1.24

1.91

-

0.50

-

0.54

−0.99

1.24

1.91

-

GHQ 4

Making decisions

0.65

−0.24

−1.08

1.40

2.14

-

0.52

-

0.61

−1.08

1.40

2.14

-

GHQ 5

Under strain

0.73

-

−0.45

0.76

1.63

-

0.74

-

-

−0.45

0.76

1.63

-

GHQ 6

Overcome difficulties

0.76

-

0.01

1.15

1.75

-

0.77

-

-

0.01

1.15

1.75

-

GHQ 7

Enjoy day-to-day activities

0.65

−0.15

−1.24

0.97

1.75

-

0.56

-

0.49

−1.24

0.97

1.75

-

GHQ 8

Able to face problems

0.64

−0.22

−1.06

1.30

2.04

-

0.50

-

0.68

−1.06

1.30

2.04

-

GHQ 9

Unhappy

0.86

-

0.00

0.93

1.62

-

0.87

-

-

0.00

0.93

1.62

-

GHQ 10

Lose confidence

0.79

-

0.14

1.02

1.77

-

0.81

-

-

0.14

1.02

1.77

-

GHQ 11

Worthless person

0.86

-

0.58

1.38

1.98

-

0.88

-

-

0.58

1.38

1.98

-

GHQ 12

Reasonably happy

0.63

−0.14

−1.01

1.10

1.89

-

0.54

-

0.53

−1.01

1.10

1.89

-

Aff 1

Life on the right track

0.70

0.43

−1.08

0.00

0.53

1.29

0.68

0.46

-

−1.08

0.00

0.53

1.29

Aff 2

Change life

0.67

-

−0.83

0.14

0.74

1.64

0.68

-

-

−0.83

0.14

0.74

1.64

Aff 3

Future looks good

0.62

0.44

−1.27

−0.11

0.48

1.32

0.60

0.47

-

−1.27

−0.11

0.48

1.32

Aff 4

Best years are over

0.63

-

−0.01

0.66

1.16

1.67

0.64

-

-

−0.01

0.66

1.16

1.67

Aff 5

Like yourself

0.48

0.49

−1.01

−0.06

0.57

1.36

0.46

0.50

-

−1.01

−0.06

0.57

1.36

Aff 6

Something wrong

0.77

-

0.27

0.91

1.41

2.10

0.78

-

-

0.27

0.91

1.41

2.10

Aff 7

Handle problems

0.48

0.36

−0.85

0.18

0.75

1.53

0.45

0.40

-

−0.85

0.18

0.75

1.53

Aff 8

Failure

0.88

-

0.39

1.07

1.46

2.22

0.89

-

-

0.39

1.07

1.46

2.22

Aff 9

Loved and trusted

0.53

0.51

−0.45

0.54

1.02

1.64

0.51

0.53

-

−0.45

0.54

1.02

1.64

Aff 10

Left alone

0.61

-

0.28

0.95

1.47

2.22

0.62

-

-

0.28

0.95

1.47

2.22

Aff 11

Close to people

0.52

0.54

−0.48

0.56

0.99

1.81

0.50

0.57

-

−0.48

0.56

0.99

1.81

Aff 12

Lost interest

0.72

-

0.56

1.12

1.77

2.62

0.73

-

-

0.56

1.12

1.77

2.62

Aff 13

Do whatever want

0.49

0.33

−1.26

−0.39

0.28

0.97

0.46

0.37

-

−1.26

−0.39

0.28

0.97

Aff 14

Life stuck

0.81

-

−0.27

0.56

1.04

1.67

0.82

-

-

−0.27

0.56

1.04

1.67

Aff 15

Energy to spare

0.42

0.21

−1.98

−0.92

−0.08

0.83

0.40

0.27

-

−1.98

−0.92

−0.08

0.83

Aff 16

Can’t be bothered

0.66

-

−0.68

0.46

1.08

2.14

0.67

-

-

−0.68

0.46

1.08

2.14

Aff 17

Smiling a lot

0.58

0.30

−1.33

0.04

0.65

1.62

0.56

0.35

-

−1.33

0.04

0.65

1.62

Aff 18

Nothing fun

0.69

-

−0.11

0.80

1.33

2.01

0.70

-

-

−0.11

0.80

1.33

2.01

Aff 19

Thinking creatively

0.53

0.48

−1.19

0.02

0.66

1.58

0.51

0.50

-

−1.19

0.02

0.66

1.58

Aff 20

Thoughts useless

0.76

-

−0.03

0.65

1.27

2.10

0.77

-

-

−0.03

0.65

1.27

2.10

Aff 21

Satisfied

0.66

0.47

−1.37

−0.02

0.60

1.63

0.64

0.50

-

−1.37

−0.02

0.60

1.63

Aff 22

Optimistic

0.44

0.44

−1.44

−0.16

0.43

1.36

0.43

0.43

-

−1.44

−0.16

0.43

1.36

Aff 23

Useful

0.51

0.41

−1.13

0.18

0.82

1.70

0.49

0.45

-

−1.13

0.18

0.82

1.70

Aff 24

Confident

0.62

0.45

−1.17

0.05

0.71

1.59

0.61

0.47

-

−1.17

0.05

0.71

1.59

Aff 25

Understood

0.41

0.41

−1.28

0.01

0.79

1.58

0.40

0.41

-

−1.28

0.01

0.79

1.58

Aff 26

Interested in others

0.40

0.46

−0.77

0.40

0.92

1.74

0.37

0.50

-

−0.77

0.40

0.92

1.74

Aff 27

Relaxed

0.67

0.29

−1.37

−0.10

0.56

1.48

0.66

0.31

-

−1.37

−0.10

0.56

1.48

Aff 28

Enthusiastic

0.55

0.46

−1.51

−0.18

0.50

1.50

0.53

0.50

-

−1.51

−0.18

0.50

1.50

Aff 29

Good natured

0.46

0.45

−0.85

0.47

1.09

2.18

0.43

0.49

-

−0.85

0.47

1.09

2.18

Aff 30

Clear headed

0.53

0.48

−0.86

0.29

0.82

1.67

0.51

0.49

-

−0.86

0.29

0.82

1.67

Aff 31

Discontented

0.73

-

−0.29

0.67

1.27

2.04

0.74

-

-

−0.29

0.67

1.27

2.04

Aff 32

Hopeless

0.86

-

0.47

1.06

1.60

2.26

0.87

-

-

0.47

1.06

1.60

2.26

Aff 33

Insignificant

0.80

-

0.32

1.05

1.59

2.22

0.81

-

-

0.32

1.05

1.59

2.22

Aff 34

Helpless

0.78

-

0.44

1.07

1.55

2.18

0.79

-

-

0.44

1.07

1.55

2.18

Aff 35

Lonely

0.68

-

0.13

0.87

1.26

2.07

0.69

-

-

0.13

0.87

1.26

2.07

Aff 36

Withdrawn

0.83

-

0.23

0.91

1.49

2.26

0.84

-

-

0.23

0.91

1.49

2.26

Aff 37

Tense

0.67

-

−0.72

0.32

0.94

1.83

0.68

-

-

−0.72

0.32

0.94

1.83

Aff 38

Depressed

0.86

-

0.10

0.79

1.25

1.83

0.87

-

-

0.10

0.79

1.25

1.83

Aff 39

Impatient

0.41

-

−1.09

0.16

0.87

2.18

0.41

-

-

−1.09

0.16

0.87

2.18

Aff 40

Confused

0.65

-

0.14

1.00

1.58

2.31

0.66

-

-

0.14

1.00

1.58

2.31

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BMC Medical Research Methodology

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