Fig. 1From: How to deal with missing longitudinal data in cost of illness analysis in Alzheimer’s disease—suggestions from the GERAS observational studyBias in mean costs for imputation methods for different mechanisms and levels of missing data. Abbreviations: MCAR: missing completely at random; MAR: missing at random; MNAR: missing not at random; MCMC: Markov Chain Monte Carlo; MI: multiple imputationBack to article page