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Table 5 Regional differences in overreporting a and underreporting b. Results of multinomial logistic regression, Belgian Health Interview Survey 2008 (population aged 15 years and over)

From: Regional differences in the validity of self-reported use of health care in Belgium: selection versus reporting bias

 

Adjusted for age and gender

Also adjusted for other characteristics c

 

Overreporting

Underreporting

Overreporting

Underreporting

 

RRR d

(95 % CI)

RRR d

(95 % CI)

RRR d

(95 % CI)

RRR d

(95 % CI)

Contact GP < 12 m

        

 Flanders

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

 Brussels

2.43*

(1.83–3.23)

1.38*

(1.07–1.79)

1.93*

(1.37–2.73)

1.52*

(1.12–2.07)

 Wallonia

1.49*

(1.10–2.01)

1.30

(0.99–1.70)

1.55*

(1.14–2.11)

1.29

(0.97–1.70)

Contact specialist < 12 m

        

 Flanders

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

 Brussels

1.56*

(1.18–2.07)

1.00

(0.83–1.21)

1.32

(0.95–1.82)

1.10

(0.89–1.36)

 Wallonia

1.13

(0.84–1.53)

1.16

(0.97–1.39)

1.14

(0.84–1.54)

1.16

(0.96–1.39)

Contact dentist < 12 m

        

 Flanders

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

 Brussels

1.54*

(1.25–1.90)

1.60*

(1.16–2.21)

1.46*

(1.16–1.85)

1.46*

(1.01–2.12)

 Wallonia

1.42*

(1.16–1.76)

1.79*

(1.31–2.45)

1.45*

(1.18–1.79)

1.72*

(1.25–2.36)

Contact dentist < 6 m

        

 Flanders

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

 Brussels

1.45*

(1.11–1.88)

1.03

(0.77–1.39)

1.24

(0.93–1.68)

1.07

(0.79–1.46)

 Wallonia

1.10

(0.84–1.44)

1.04

(0.78–1.39)

1.08

(0.83–1.42)

1.05

(0.79–1.40)

Contact physiotherapist < 12 m

        

 Flanders

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

 Brussels

1.13

(0.85–1.49)

0.70*

(0.51–0.97)

0.94

(0.69–1.29)

0.73

(0.51–1.06)

 Wallonia

1.11

(0.83–1.47)

0.93

(0.69–1.27)

1.11

(0.84–1.47)

0.93

(0.68–1.28)

Inpatient hospitalisation < 12 m

        

 Flanders

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

 Brussels

0.97

(0.63–1.49)

1.43

(0.84–2.42)

0.73

(0.41–1.30)

1.50

(0.81–2.80)

 Wallonia

0.96

(0.67–1.39)

1.39

(0.87–2.23)

0.86

(0.60–1.25)

1.44

(0.90–2.29)

Day patient hospitalisation < 12 m

        

 Flanders

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

 Brussels

1.09

(0.67–1.77)

1.25

(0.97–1.60)

0.74

(0.42–1.30)

1.43*

(1.09–1.86)

 Wallonia

1.22

(0.78–1.91)

1.08

(0.84–1.38)

1.17

(0.75–1.81)

1.14

(0.90–1.46)

  1. < 12 m : in the 12 months prior to the date of the interview
  2. < 6 m : in the 6 months prior to the date of the interview
  3. * significant difference (p < 0.05)
  4. a overreporting: self-reported contact, but no register-based contact
  5. b underreporting: no self-reported contact, but register-based contact
  6. c household type, education, income, type of insurance coverage, reimbursement schedule, country of birth, chronic disease, illness or handicap, proxy interview and health care
  7. d Relative Risk Ratio