From: Multiple time scales in modeling the incidence of infections acquired in intensive care units
Risk factors | MODEL 1a basic time scale: ICU time | MODEL 2a basic time scale: calendar time | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | MRSA | Death without MRSA | Discharge without MRSA | MRSA | Death without MRSA | Discharge without MRSA |
Patient level covariates | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
APACHE II score 11–20 vs. 0–10 | 1.35 (1.00–1.83) | 2.05 (1.90–2.23) | 0.62 (0.61–0.63) | 1.78 (1.30–2.44) | 2.20 (2.03–2.39) | 0.63 (0.62–0.65) |
APACHE II score 21–30 vs. 0–10 | 1.50 (1.09–2.07) | 4.23 (3.91–4.57) | 0.37 (0.36–0.38) | 2.22 (1.59–3.12) | 4.76 (4.39–5.16) | 0.37 (0.31–0.38) |
APACHE II score>31 vs. 0–10 | 1.50 (0.99–2.28) | 6.86 (6.30–7.47) | 0.24 (0.23–0.26) | 2.75 (1.76–4.32) | 8.02 (7.33–8.78) | 0.24 (0.22–0.25) |
Age (years) 0–40 vs. 61–80 | 1.09 (0.80–1.45) | 0.62 (0.57–0.67) | 1.08 (1.05–1.10) | 1.03 (0.75–1.41) | 0.62 (0.57–0.85) | 1.06 (1.03–1.09) |
Age (years) 40–60 vs. 61–80 | 0.96 (0.77 –1.20) | 0.81 (0.77–0.85) | 0.99 (0.98–1.01) | 0.98 (0.77–1.24) | 0.81 (0.77–0.85) | 0.99 (0.97–1.01) |
Age (years)>80 vs. 61–80 | 0.72 (0.47–1.11) | 1.61 (1.52–1.70) | 1.12 (1.09–1.15) | 0.63 (0.40–0.98) | 1.62 (1.53–1.73) | 1.15 (1.12–1.19) |
Days in hospital before ICU admission: | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
4-6 vs. 0–3 | 1.14 (0.78–1.66) | 1.11 (1.03–1.20) | 0.89 (0.86–0.92) | 1.31 (0.87–1.96) | 1.12 (1.03–1.22) | 0.91 (0.88–0.95) |
6-10 vs. 0–3 | 1.16 (0.78–1.73) | 1.22 (1.13–1.32) | 0.89 (0.85–0.92) | 1.10 (0.71–1.70) | 1.23 (1.12–1.34) | 0.91 (0.88–0.95) |
> 10 vs. 0–3 | 1.09 (0.8–1.46) | 1.24 (1.17-1.31) | 0.84 (0.81–0.86) | 1.21 (0.89–1.67) | 1.24 (1.16–1.32) | 0.85 (0.82–0.87) |
Type of diagnosis: | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Respiratory vs. cardiovascular | 1.10 (0.84–1.45) | 0.98 (0.92–1.39) | 0.75 (0.73–0.77) | 1.42 (1.06–1.90) | 0.99 (0.93–1.05) | 0.75 (0.74–0.77) |
Gastrointestinal vs. cardiovascular | 1.29 (0.95–1.74) | 1.01 (0.95–1.07) | 0.84 (0.82–0.86) | 1.48 (1.07–2.04) | 1.01 (0.95–1.08) | 0.82 (0.80–0.84) |
Central nervous system vs. cardiovascular | 1.18 (0.90–1.55) | 1.37 (1.30–1.45) | 0.77 (0.75–0.78) | 1.39 (1.04–1.87) | 1.41 (1.32–1.49) | 0.75 (0.73–0.77) |
Other diagnoses vs. cardiovascular | 0.92 (0.62–1.36) | 0.84 (0.76–0.91) | 0.86 (0.84–0.89) | 0.95 (0.58–1.56) | 0.84 (0.76–0.94) | 0.99 (0.93–1.02) |
Antibiotic treatment 48 h before and/or after ICU admission | 1.21 (0.97–1.51) | 1.09 (1.04–1.14) | 0.77 (0.76–0.79) | 1.44 (1.12–1.86) | 1.13 (1.07–1.19) | 0.72 (0.70–0.73) |
Gender | 1.14 (0.93–1.39) | 1.01 (0.97–1.05) | 0.99 (0.96–1.01) | 1.22 (0.99–1.52) | 0.99 (0.96–1.01) | 0.98 (0.91–0.99) |
Origin (hospital/ICU vs. community) | 0.93 (0.74–1.19) | 0.95 (0.91–1.00) | 1.03 (1.01–1.04) | 0.95 (0.75–1.22) | 0.96 (0.91–1.01) | 1.03 (1.01–1.05) |
Trauma | 1.25 (0.94–1.68) | 0.67 (0.62–0.73) | 0.74 (0.72–0.76) | 1.41 (1.03–1.94) | 0.67 (0.61–0.73) | 0.73 (0.70–0.75) |