Table 3 Multiple logistic regression for participation in the Millennium Cohort Family Study

  Female

0.32 (0.30–0.36)

<0.0001

0.33 (0.31–0.37)

<0.0001

  Male

Reference

Reference

  17–24 years

0.93 (0.85–1.02)

0.0305

0.93 (0.84–1.01)

0.0215

  25–29 years

1.02 (0.94–1.11)

1.01 (0.93–1.10)

  30+ years

Reference

Reference

  Black, non-Hispanic

0.54 (0.49–0.60)

<0.0001

0.55 (0.50–0.61)

<0.0001

  Hispanic

0.76 (0.69–0.83)

0.77 (0.70–0.84)

  Other

0.76 (0.68–0.84)

0.77 (0.70–0.86)

  White, non-Hispanic

Reference

Reference

  < High school completion/diploma

0.59 (0.30–1.14)

<0.0001

0.83 (0.42–1.65)

<0.0001

  High school graduate/GED

0.83 (0.77–0.88)

0.83 (0.78–0.90)

  Advanced degree

1.32 (1.12–1.56)

1.30 (1.10–1.54)

  Bachelor's degree

1.22 (1.10–1.35)

1.20 (1.08–1.32)

  Some college

Reference

Reference

  < $50,000

0.88 (0.79–0.98)

<0.0001

0.91 (0.82–1.02)

0.0411

  $50,000–$74,999

0.96 (0.86–1.07)

0.97 (0.87–1.08)

  Missing

1.24 (1.03–1.50)

1.20 (0.93–1.55)

  $75,000+

Reference

Reference

  Three or more

0.99 (0.90–1.10)

0.0121

1.01 (0.91–1.12)

0.0043

  Two

1.10 (1.02–1.19)

1.12 (1.03–1.21)

  One

1.09 (1.02–1.17)

1.11 (1.03–1.18)

  None

Reference

Reference

  Reserve/National Guard

1.04 (0.97–1.12)

0.2587

1.03 (0.96–1.11)

0.3963

  Active duty

Reference

Reference

  Air Force

0.98 (0.90–1.06)

0.0104

0.92 (0.84–1.00)

0.0008

  Marine Corps

1.05 (0.97–1.14)

1.05 (0.97–1.14)

  Navy/Coast Guard

1.13 (1.04–1.23)

1.11 (1.02–1.21)

  Army

Reference

Reference

  Officer

1.38 (1.20–1.57)

<0.0001

1.35 (1.18–1.54)

<0.0001

  Enlisted

Reference

Reference

  Deployed, in combat

1.05 (0.98–1.14)

0.5210

1.09 (1.01–1.18)

0.1490

  Deployed, no combat

1.07 (0.96–1.19)

1.07 (0.96–1.19)

  Deployed, unknown combat

0.97 (0.76–1.24)

0.93 (0.71–1.22)

  Not deployed

Reference

Reference

  Partial

0.61 (0.48–0.77)

<0.0001

0.64 (0.42–0.96)

0.0296

  Complete

Reference

Reference

  Yes

6.41 (6.04–6.79)

<0.0001

6.53 (6.16–6.93)

<0.0001

  No

Reference

Reference

  <6 h

0.84 (0.77–0.93)

<0.0001

  6 h

0.91 (0.83–1.00)

  7 h

1.08 (0.99–1.18)

  >8 h

1.10 (0.94–1.28)

  Missing

0.92 (0.69–1.23)

  8 h

Reference

  Heavy work

1.12 (1.00–1.24)

0.0066

  Light loads, or climb often

1.04 (0.96–1.13)

  Stand/walk a lot, little lifting

0.95 (0.88–1.02)

  Missing

1.11 (0.82–1.50)

  Sit during day, walk little

Reference

  30.0+

0.98 (0.90–1.07)

0.0120

  25.0–29.9

0.97 (0.91–1.04)

  Missing

0.57 (0.41–0.80)

  < 25.0

Reference

  16+ days

1.19 (1.08–1.31)

0.0124

  6–15 days

1.01 (0.91–1.13)

  1–5 days

1.03 (0.96–1.10)

  Missing

1.07 (0.86–1.32)

  None

Reference

  Highest 15%

0.97 (0.90–1.06)

0.0405

  Lowest 15%

0.99 (0.90–1.09)

  Missing

1.41 (1.10–1.81)

  Middle 70%

Reference

  Bothered a lot

0.92 (0.80–1.05)

0.0085

  Bothered a little

0.89 (0.81–0.97)

  Missing

0.65 (0.45–0.95)

  Not bothered

Reference

  Bothered a lot

0.81 (0.73–0.89)

0.0007

  Bothered a little

0.95 (0.89–1.01)

  Missing

0.88 (0.57–1.36)

  Not bothered

Reference

  Negative/somewhat negative

0.92 (0.85–1.00)

0.0007

  Neither negative or positive

0.85 (0.78–0.92)

  Missing

1.07 (0.79–1.43)

  Positive/somewhat positive

Reference

  3 or more

1.06 (0.97–1.17)

0.0347

  1 or 2

1.09 (1.03–1.16)

  Missing

0.84 (0.54–1.32)

  None

Reference