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Table 2 Factor loadings of the items in the ABC measure based on EFA for each individual subscale (the loadings in bold are advocated as the final structure of the EFA)

From: Measurement properties of the Danish version of the Awareness and Beliefs about Cancer (ABC) measure

Subscale and items

Factor loadings

Factor 1

Factor 2

Factor 3

Factor 4

Factor 5

Factor 6

Factor 7

Factor 8

Anticipated patient interval for healthcare seeking

 Q5. A persistent cough

0.641

       

 Q6. Rectal bleeding

0.581

       

 Q7. Any breast changesa

0.609

       

 Q8. Abdominal bloating

0.646

       

Awareness of cancer symptoms

 Q9. Unexplained lump or swelling

 

0.575

      

 Q10. Persistent unexplained pain

 

0.610

      

 Q11. Unexplained bleeding

 

0.594

      

 Q12. Persistent cough or hoarseness

 

0.713

      

 Q13. Change in bowel or bladder habits

 

0.637

      

 Q14. Persistent difficulty in swallowing

 

0.696

      

 Q15. Change in the appearance of a mole

 

0.605

      

 Q16. Sore that does not heal

 

0.572

      

 Q17. Unexplained night sweats

 

0.515

      

 Q18. Unexplained weight loss

 

0.713

      

 Q19. Unexplained tiredness

 

0.702

      

Anticipated barriers for healthcare seeking

 Q24. I would be too embarrassed

  

0.874

     

 Q25. I would be worried about what the doctor might find

  

0.630

     

 Q26. I would be worried about wasting the doctor’s time

  

0.379

     

 Q27. I am too busy to make time to go to the doctor

  

0.402

     

Beliefs about cancer

 Q28. People with cancer can expect to continue with normal activities

   

0.605

    

 Q29. Most cancer treatment is worse than the cancer itself

    

0.410

   

 Q30. Not want to know if I have cancer

    

0.533

   

 Q31. Cancer can often be cured

   

0.708

    

 Q32. Going to the doctor as quickly as possible could increase the chances of surviving

   

0.431

    

 Q33. A diagnosis of cancer is a death sentence

   

0.451

(0.312)

   

Beliefs about breast cancer screeninga

 QM3. So worried about what might be found at breast cancer screening, that I would prefer not to do it

     

0.628

  

 QM4. Breast cancer screening is only necessary if I have symptoms

     

0.911

  

 QM5. Breast cancer screening could reduce my chances of dying from breast cancer

     

0.465

  

Beliefs about bowel cancer screening

 QM6. So worried about what might be found at bowel cancer screening, that I would prefer not to do it

      

0.643

 

 QM7. Bowel cancer screening is only necessary if I have symptoms

      

0.570

 

 QM8. Bowel cancer screening could reduce my chances of dying from bowel cancer

      

0.400

 

Awareness of risk factors for cancer

 QN1. Smoking

       

0.670

 QN2. Exposure to passive smoking

       

0.574

 QN3. Drinking more than 1 unit of alcohol a day

       

0.521

 QN4. Eating less than 5 portions of fruit and vegetables a day

       

0.535

 QN5. Eating red or processed meat once a day or more

       

0.483

 QN6. Being obese

       

0.537

 QN7. Getting sunburnt more than once as a child

       

0.442

 QN8. Being over 70 years old

       

0.428

 QN9. Having a close relative with cancer

       

0.349

 QN10. Infection with HPV, Human Papillomavirus

       

0.468

 QN11. Not doing much physical activity

       

0.583

 QN12. Using a solarium

       

0.439

 QN13. Exposure to ionising radiation from, for example, radioactive materials, x-rays or radon

       

0.406

  1. aOnly answered by women
  2. Factor 1: RMSEA: 0.154; CFI: 0.937; TLI: 0.812
  3. Factor 2: RMSEA: 0.025; CFI: 0.983; TLI: 0.978
  4. Factor 3: RMSEA: 0.028; CFI: 0.991; TLI: 0.974
  5. Factor 4/5: RMSEA: 0.012; CFI: 0.999; TLI: 0.995 (two-factor model)
  6. Factor 6: RMSEA: 0.000; CFI: 1.000; TLI: 1.000
  7. Factor 7: RMSEA: 0.000; CFI: 1.000; TLI: 1.000
  8. Factor 8: RMSEA: 0.075; CFI: 0.857; TLI: 0.829