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Fig. 2 | BMC Medical Research Methodology

Fig. 2

From: A comparison of multiple imputation methods for handling missing values in longitudinal data in the presence of a time-varying covariate with a non-linear association with time: a simulation study

Fig. 2

Absolute bias and Relative bias (%) for complete case analysis (CC), fully conditional specification (FCS), multivariate normal imputation (MVNI), and two-fold fully conditional specification (two-fold FCS) for increasing proportions of missing data (0.25, 0.5) under three missing data scenarios and two simulation scenarios; true OR represents the true odds ratio between sleep problems and BMI for age z-scores. aRelative bias is calculated as absolute bias relative to the value of the true parameter. As the value of the true parameter (log(OR)) increases from 0.1 to 0.4 in the second simulation scenario, the magnitude of the relative bias drops even though the absolute bias shows a slight increase

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