Table 1 Sample characteristics
|  | Validation, n = 312 | Negeri Sembilan 2-week test-retest reliability, n = 97 | Selangor 4-week test-retest reliability, n = 129 |
|---|---|---|---|
Age, mean (SD)* | 58.1 (9.67) | 56.1 (9.10) | 59.1 (9.61) |
Diabetes duration in years, mean (SD) | 8.5 (4.79) | 8.5 (5.92) | 8.3 (4.15) |
| Â | n (%) | ||
Gender | |||
 Female | 184 (59.0) | 61 (62.9) | 69 (53.5) |
 Male | 128 (41.0) | 36 (37.1) | 60 (46.5) |
Ethnicitya | |||
 Malay | 240 (76.9) | 97 (100) | 87 (67.4) |
 Chinese | 9 (2.9) | 0 | 9 (7.0) |
 Indian | 61 (19.6) | 0 | 32 (24.8) |
Educational levela | |||
 No school | 15 (4.9) | 0 | 9 (7.1) |
 Primary school level | 99 (32.2) | 14 (14.6) | 55 (43.3) |
 Secondary school level | 161 (52.4) | 70 (72.9) | 56 (44.1) |
 Tertiary school level | 32 (10.4) | 12 (12.5) | 7 (5.5) |
Life event in the past 6 monthsa | |||
 Yes | 61 (19.7) | 27 (28.4) | 16 (12.4) |
 No | 248 (80.3) | 68 (71.6) | 113 (87.6) |
Co-morbidity | |||
 Hypertension | 269 (86.2) | 84 (86.6) | 108 (83.7) |
 Dyslipidaemia | 256 (82.1) | 84 (86.6) | 107 (82.9) |
 Any diabetes complicationa | 98 (31.4) | 25 (25.8) | 51 (39.5) |
Treatment | |||
 Oral hypoglycaemic agenta | 266 (85.3) | 94 (96.9) | 103 (79.8) |
 Insulina | 161 (51.6) | 74 (76.3) | 58 (45.0) |
 HbA1c in %, mean (SD)a | 9.0 (2.27) | 9.7 (1.99) | 8.9 (2.43) |