Skip to main content

Table 1 A comparison of type of consent obtained and the country where the research took place. (N = number of trials. Note some trials used more than one type of consent)

From: Assessment of consent models as an ethical consideration in the conduct of prehospital ambulance randomised controlled clinical trials: a systematic review

Type of Consent

Multicentre

(N = 12)

UK

(N = 12)

Australia

(N = 12)

USA

(N = 4)

Canada

(N = 4)

Germany

(N = 4)

France

(N = 2)

Sweden

(N = 2)

Austria

(N = 1)

New Zealand

(N = 1)

Finland

(N = 1)

Norway

(N = 1)

Total

Waived Consent

4

3

6

3

3

1

1

–

–

–

–

1

22

Informed Consent

7

2

2

–

1

3

1

2

–

1

–

–

19

Relative Proxy

1

4

1

–

1

–

–

2

–

1

1

–

11

Delayed Consent

1

1

3

–

–

2

1

1

–

–

–

–

9

Consent for Follow Up

1

2

1

–

–

–

1

–

–

–

–

–

5

Verbal Consent

–

2

1

–

–

–

1

–

–

–

–

–

4

Paramedic Proxy

–

2

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

2

Retrospective Consent

–

1

1

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

2

Paramedic Consented

–

–

–

1

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

1

Opt Out

–

1

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

1