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Table 1 Characteristics of included systematic reviews for estimating trial effectiveness, and of RCTs for estimating uptake, of interventions to decrease antibiotic prescription for acute respiratory infections in primary care

From: What’s the uptake? Pragmatic RCTs may be used to estimate uptake, and thereby population impact of interventions, but better reporting of trial recruitment processes is needed

 

Systematic Reviews used for estimating trial effectiveness

Pragmatic RCTs used for estimating uptake

Intervention

Clinical population

Outcome

Clinical population

Recruitment of clinicians

Delayed prescribing [25]

People patients of all ages with upper respiratory tract infection

Antibiotic use (i.e. prescriptions filled)

Adults with acute cough, for whom the physician intended to prescribe antibiotics [16]

22/61 practices approached actually participated. 48/92 GPs recruited patients to the trial (range = 1–25 per GP).

Procalcitonin [26]

Adults with an acute respiratory infection (including lower respiratory infection such as pneumonia).

Antibiotics prescribed

Adults with an acute respiratory infection, for whom the physician intended to prescribe antibiotics [17]

53/345 eligible primary care physicians in 2 cantons in northwest Switzerland actually participated

CRP [27]

People of all ages with acute respiratory infection (including lower respiratory infection such as pneumonia)

Antibiotics prescribed

People of all ages with respiratory

Infections (median age

= 37 years [18])

35/125 GPs in single-handed practices in the County of Funen actually participated

Shared decision making [28]

People of all ages with acute respiratory infection (including lower respiratory infection such as pneumonia)

Antibiotics prescribed, dispensed or decision to use

Adults with acute respiratory infection. [19]

45/345 eligible GPs in two cantons, Basel-Stadt and Aargau actually participated.

People of all ages with acute cough (mean age

= 42 years [20]

101/2036 GPs from 9 regions in North-Rhine and Westphalia-Lippe actually participated

People of all ages with respiratory

Infections (71% adults) [21]

4/24 Family Medicine Groups (FMGs) in Quebec actually participated.

Within the participating FMGs, 33/42 FPs participated

  1. CRP C-Reactive Protein, GP General Practitioner, FMG Family Medicine Group, FP Family Practitioner