TY - JOUR AU - Fisher, B. AU - Anderson, S. AU - Bryant, J. AU - Margolese, R. G. AU - Deutsch, M. AU - Fisher, E. R. AU - Jeong, J. H. AU - Wolmark, N. PY - 2002 DA - 2002// TI - Twenty-year follow-up of a randomized trial comparing total mastectomy, lumpectomy, and lumpectomy plus irradiation for the treatment of invasive breast cancer JO - N Engl J Med VL - 347 UR - https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa022152 DO - 10.1056/NEJMoa022152 ID - Fisher2002 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bo, K. AU - Kvarstein, B. AU - Nygaard, I. PY - 2005 DA - 2005// TI - Lower urinary tract symptoms and pelvic floor muscle exercise adherence after 15 years JO - Obstet Gynecol VL - 105 UR - https://doi.org/10.1097/01.AOG.0000157207.95680.6d DO - 10.1097/01.AOG.0000157207.95680.6d ID - Bo2005 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Holland, P. W. PY - 1986 DA - 1986// TI - Statistics and causal inference JO - J Am Stat Assoc VL - 81 UR - https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.1986.10478354 DO - 10.1080/01621459.1986.10478354 ID - Holland1986 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rubin, D. B. PY - 1974 DA - 1974// TI - Estimating causal effects of treatments in randomized and nonrandomized studies JO - J Educ Psychol VL - 66 UR - https://doi.org/10.1037/h0037350 DO - 10.1037/h0037350 ID - Rubin1974 ER - TY - STD TI - Herbert R. Explanatory and pragmatic clinical trials. In: Gad SC, editor. Clinical trials handbook. Hoboken: John Wiley; 2009. p. 1081–98. ID - ref5 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Schwartz, D. AU - Lellouch, J. PY - 1967 DA - 1967// TI - Explanatory and pragmatic attitudes in therapeutical trials JO - J Chronic Dis VL - 20 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9681(67)90041-0 DO - 10.1016/0021-9681(67)90041-0 ID - Schwartz1967 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Treweek, S. AU - Zwarenstein, M. PY - 2009 DA - 2009// TI - Making trials matter: pragmatic and explanatory trials and the problem of applicability JO - Trials VL - 10 UR - https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-6215-10-37 DO - 10.1186/1745-6215-10-37 ID - Treweek2009 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Shrier, I. AU - Steele, R. J. AU - Verhagen, E. AU - Herbert, R. AU - Riddell, C. A. AU - Kaufman, J. S. PY - 2014 DA - 2014// TI - Beyond intention to treat: what is the right question? JO - Clin Trials VL - 11 UR - https://doi.org/10.1177/1740774513504151 DO - 10.1177/1740774513504151 ID - Shrier2014 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hernan, M. A. AU - Hernandez-Diaz, S. PY - 2012 DA - 2012// TI - Beyond the intention-to-treat in comparative effectiveness research JO - Clin Trials VL - 9 UR - https://doi.org/10.1177/1740774511420743 DO - 10.1177/1740774511420743 ID - Hernan2012 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Fine, J. P. AU - Gray, R. J. PY - 1999 DA - 1999// TI - A proportional hazards model for the subdistribution of a competing risk JO - J Am Stat Assoc VL - 94 UR - https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.1999.10474144 DO - 10.1080/01621459.1999.10474144 ID - Fine1999 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Stuart, E. A. AU - Perry, D. F. AU - Le, H. -. N. AU - Ialongo, N. S. PY - 2008 DA - 2008// TI - Estimating intervention effects of prevention programs: accounting for noncompliance JO - Prev Sci VL - 9 UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-008-0104-y DO - 10.1007/s11121-008-0104-y ID - Stuart2008 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Angrist, J. D. AU - Imbens, G. W. AU - Rubin, D. B. PY - 1996 DA - 1996// TI - Identification of causal effects using instrumental variables JO - J Am Stat Assoc VL - 91 UR - https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.1996.10476902 DO - 10.1080/01621459.1996.10476902 ID - Angrist1996 ER - TY - STD TI - Angrist J. Instrumental variables methods in experimental criminological research: what, why and how? National Bureau of Economic Research, Technical Working Paper 314 2005, http://www.nber.org/papers/t0314. Accessed 11 May 2018. UR - http://www.nber.org/papers/t0314 ID - ref13 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Jo, B. AU - Stuart, E. A. PY - 2009 DA - 2009// TI - On the use of propensity scores in principal causal effect estimation JO - Stat Med VL - 28 UR - https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.3669 DO - 10.1002/sim.3669 ID - Jo2009 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Angrist, J. AU - Imbens, G. W. PY - 1995 DA - 1995// TI - Two-stage least squares estimation of average causal effects in models with variable treatment intensity JO - J Am Stat Assoc VL - 90 UR - https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.1995.10476535 DO - 10.1080/01621459.1995.10476535 ID - Angrist1995 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Stuart, E. A. AU - Warkentien, S. AU - Jo, B. PY - 2011 DA - 2011// TI - Beyond binary: using propensity scores to account for varying levels of program participation in randomized controlled trials. Proceedings of the 2011 SREE Conference ID - Stuart2011 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Daniel, R. M. AU - Cousens, S. N. AU - De Stavola, B. L. AU - Kenward, M. G. AU - Sterne, J. A. C. PY - 2013 DA - 2013// TI - Methods for dealing with time-dependent confounding JO - Stat Med VL - 32 UR - https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.5686 DO - 10.1002/sim.5686 ID - Daniel2013 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Latimer, N. R. AU - Henshall, C. AU - Siebert, U. AU - Bell, H. PY - 2016 DA - 2016// TI - Treatment switching: statistical and decision-making challenges and approaches JO - Int J Technol Assess Health Care VL - 32 UR - https://doi.org/10.1017/S026646231600026X DO - 10.1017/S026646231600026X ID - Latimer2016 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Toh, S. AU - Hernan, M. A. PY - 2008 DA - 2008// TI - Causal inference from longitudinal studies with baseline randomization JO - Int J Biostat VL - 4 UR - https://doi.org/10.2202/1557-4679.1117 DO - 10.2202/1557-4679.1117 ID - Toh2008 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Albert, P. S. PY - 1999 DA - 1999// TI - Longitudinal data analysis (repeated measures) in clinical trials JO - Stat Med VL - 18 UR - https://doi.org/3.0.CO;2-H DO - 3.0.CO;2-H ID - Albert1999 ER - TY - BOOK PY - 2010 DA - 2010// TI - The prevention and treatment of missing data in clinical trials PB - National Academies Press CY - Washington ID - ref21 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ibrahim, J. G. AU - Chu, H. AU - Chen, M. H. PY - 2012 DA - 2012// TI - Missing data in clinical studies: issues and methods JO - J Clin Oncol VL - 30 UR - https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2011.38.7589 DO - 10.1200/JCO.2011.38.7589 ID - Ibrahim2012 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sterne, J. A. AU - White, I. R. AU - Carlin, J. B. AU - Spratt, M. AU - Royston, P. AU - Kenward, M. G. AU - Wood, A. M. AU - Carpenter, J. R. PY - 2009 DA - 2009// TI - Multiple imputation for missing data in epidemiological and clinical research: potential and pitfalls JO - BMJ VL - 338 UR - https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.b2393 DO - 10.1136/bmj.b2393 ID - Sterne2009 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Donders, A. R. AU - van der Heijden, G. J. AU - Stijnen, T. AU - Moons, K. G. PY - 2006 DA - 2006// TI - Review: a gentle introduction to imputation of missing values JO - J Clin Epidemiol VL - 59 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2006.01.014 DO - 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2006.01.014 ID - Donders2006 ER - TY - JOUR AU - McConnell, S. AU - Stuart, E. A. AU - Devaney, B. PY - 2008 DA - 2008// TI - The truncation by death problem. What to do in an experimental evaluation when the outcome is not always defined JO - Eval Rev VL - 32 UR - https://doi.org/10.1177/0193841X07309115 DO - 10.1177/0193841X07309115 ID - McConnell2008 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Chiba, Y. AU - VanderWeele, T. J. PY - 2011 DA - 2011// TI - A simple method for principal strata effects when the outcome has been truncated due to death JO - Am J Epidemiol VL - 173 UR - https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwq418 DO - 10.1093/aje/kwq418 ID - Chiba2011 ER - TY - BOOK AU - VanderWeele, T. J. PY - 2015 DA - 2015// TI - Explanation in causal inference. Methods for mediation and interaction PB - Oxford University Press CY - Oxford ID - VanderWeele2015 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Evans, I. AU - Thornton, H. AU - Chalmers, I. AU - Glasziou, P. PY - 2011 DA - 2011// TI - Testing treatments PB - Martin CY - London ID - Evans2011 ER - TY - STD TI - Harris IA. Surgery, the Ultimate Placebo: A Surgeon Cuts Through the Evidence. 2016. ID - ref29 ER - TY - STD TI - https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/miguel-hernan/causal-inference-book/. Accessed 11 May 2018. UR - https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/miguel-hernan/causal-inference-book/ ID - ref30 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Aalen, O. O. AU - Cook, R. J. AU - Roysland, K. PY - 2015 DA - 2015// TI - Does Cox analysis of a randomized survival study yield a causal treatment effect? JO - Lifetime Data Anal VL - 21 UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10985-015-9335-y DO - 10.1007/s10985-015-9335-y ID - Aalen2015 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Dunn, G. AU - Maracy, M. AU - Tomenson, B. PY - 2005 DA - 2005// TI - Estimating treatment effects from randomized clinical trials with noncompliance and loss to follow-up: the role of instrumental variable methods JO - Stat Methods Med Res VL - 14 UR - https://doi.org/10.1191/0962280205sm403oa DO - 10.1191/0962280205sm403oa ID - Dunn2005 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Daza, E. J. AU - Hudgens, M. G. AU - Herring, A. H. PY - 2017 DA - 2017// TI - Estimating inverse-probability weights for longitudinal data with dropout or truncation: the xtrccipw command JO - Stata J VL - 17 ID - Daza2017 ER -