Variables | Average (patient level) | Inter-center range | Inter-regional range | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Range | P value a | Range | P value a | ||
Male gender (n) | 3159 (73.3) | 35.7–93.8 | < 0.001 | 67.9–78.1 | < 0.001 |
Age (years) | 71.1 (12.7) | 61.9–80.2 | < 0.001 | 67.2–73.3 | < 0.001 |
Rural communities | 1771 (41.1) | – | – | 5.8–74.6 | < 0.001 |
Active smoker (n) | 1152 (26.7) | 4.8–80.8 | < 0.001 | 20.7–41.9 | < 0.001 |
Ex-smokers (n) | 1127 (26.2) | 6.1–40.0 | < 0.001 | 0.0–76.5 | < 0.001 |
Life-long never smokers (n) | 579 (13.4) | 0.0–84.6 | < 0.001 | 8.3–19.0 | < 0.001 |
Previous smoking status unknown (n) | 1449 (33.6) | 16.8–51.6 | < 0.001 | 2.2–88.1 | < 0.001 |
Tobacco history (pack-years) | 44.2 (48.6) | 9.0–100 | < 0.001 | 29.9–48.8 | 0.045 |
Comorbidities (Charlson index) | 2.2 (1.4) | 1.5–3.2 | < 0.001 | 1.9–2.4 | < 0.001 |
Comorbidities (COTE index) | 1.1 (1.8) | 0.5–1.8 | < 0.001 | 0.8–1.4 | 0.003 |
Comorbidities: cardiac b (n) | 1280 (29.7) | 13.3–63.6 | < 0.001 | 26.5–32.5 | 0.076 |
Comorbidities: vascular c (n) | 913 (21.2) | 0–40.0 | < 0.001 | 15.7–24.9 | < 0.001 |
Comorbidities: neoplasms (n) | 476 (11.1) | 0–31.3 | < 0.001 | 2.9–15.4 | < 0.001 |
Comorbidities: sleep apnea (n) | 201 (4.7) | 0–20.3 | < 0.001 | 0–7.8 | < 0.001 |
Comorbidities: eyedrops use (n) | 54 (1.3) | 0–18.2 | < 0.001 | 0.9–2.8 | 0.018 |
Comorbidities: psychiatric drugs e (n) | 501 (11.6) | 0–38.2 | < 0.001 | 6.8–15.8 | < 0.001 |
Comorbidities: prostatic hyperplasia (n) | 725 (16.8) | 0–33.3 | < 0.001 | 8.8–21.7 | < 0.001 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 29.2 (5.5) | 26.7–37.1 | < 0.001 | 28.4–30.9 | 0.004 |
Current FEV1 (mL) d | 1690 (694) | 810–2720 | 0.115 | 1640 – 1794 | 0.744 |
Current FEV1 (%) d | 64.3 (22.8) | 39.0–97.0 | 0.307 | 21.0–25.7 | 0.136 |
Current FEV1/FVC (%) d | 62.3 (13.2) | 69.0–51.0 | 0.741 | 60.2–65.1 | 0.249 |