| Observed in Whitehall II study | Full simulated data | Estimation method | Estimation method | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Available case | MI | PMM | Available case | MI | PMM | |||
Imputea smoking | Imputea education | |||||||
Coefficient (SE) | ||||||||
 Reference | − 0.2492 | − 0.2508 (0.0356) | − 0.2320 (0.0507) | − 0.2290 (0.0487) | −0.2439 (0.0486) | − 0.2331 (0.0491) | − 0.1583 (0.0413) | − 0.1765 (0.0414) |
Smoking status | ||||||||
 Ex-smoker | −0.2978 | −0.2989 (0.0361) | −0.2792 (0.0513) | − 0.2798 (0.0489) | −0.3104 (0.0489) | − 0.2799 (0.0496) | −0.2055 (0.0414) | − 0.2246 (0.0415) |
 Current smoker | −0.2698 | −0.2718 (0.0418) | −0.2459 (0.0581) | − 0.2202 (0.0543) | −0.2564 (0.0544) | − 0.2444 (0.0574) | −0.1724 (0.0474) | − 0.2008 (0.0473) |
Age Category (year) | ||||||||
 50 and < 55 | −0.3059 | −0.3064 (0.0347) | −0.2821 (0.0493) | − 0.2776 (0.0476) | −0.2980 (0.0477) | − 0.2829 (0.0472) | −0.2099 (0.0401) | − 0.2343 (0.0401) |
 55 and < 60 | −0.3405 | −0.3414 (0.0357) | −0.3076 (0.0511) | − 0.3003 (0.0492) | −0.3316 (0.0492) | − 0.3085 (0.0489) | −0.2338 (0.0411) | − 0.2687 (0.0410) |
 60 and < 65 | −0.3967 | −0.3978 (0.0360) | −0.3486 (0.0553) | − 0.3302 (0.0523) | −0.3831 (0.0526) | − 0.3508 (0.0527) | −0.2661 (0.0456) | − 0.3218 (0.0457) |
 65 | −0.3318 | −0.3327 (0.0410) | −0.2803 (0.1437) | − 0.2400 (0.1081) | −0.2561 (0.1078) | − 0.2764 (0.1481) | −0.1795 (0.1132) | − 0.2037 (0.1135) |
Employment grade | ||||||||
 Intermediate | -0.1616 | − 0.1638 (0.0335) | − 0.1388 (0.0479) | − 0.1342(0.0465) | − 0.1577 (0.0463) | − 0.1390 (0.0462) | − 0.0746 (0.0389) | − 0.1027 (0.0393) |
 Low | −0.2059 | − 0.2080 (0.0484) | − 0.1703 (0.0695) | − 0.1656 (0.0664) | − 0.2031 (0.0659) | − 0.1736 (0.0662) | − 0.1182 (0.0611) | − 0.1602 (0.0617) |
Education | ||||||||
 School | −0.2413 | − 0.2414 (0.0206) | − 0.2317 (0.0249) | − 0.2298 (0.0238) | − 0.2368 (0.0238) | − 0.2321 (0.0253) | − 0.2116 (0.0233) | − 0.2245 (0.0233) |
 University | − 0.2533 | − 0.2540 (0.0178) | − 0.2480 (0.0212) | − 0.2482 (0.0203) | − 0.2517 (0.0204) | − 0.2480 (0.0211) | − 0.2558 (0.0200) | − 0.2657 (0.0201) |