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Table 3 Large randomised controlled trials of vitamin D supplements with relevant prior 25-hydroxyvitamin D surveys

From: Assessment of research waste part 2: wrong study populations- an exemplar of baseline vitamin D status of participants in trials of vitamin D supplementation

Trial

Survey identified

Reference/ Country

Trial characteristixcs

Baseline 25OHD

(nmol/L) /Assaya

Cites Prior 25OHD

Survey (S)/ Prior SR (PSR) /Any SR (ASR)

Recruit-ment started

Survey Date

Group surveyed

25OHD

[mean (SD)]

(nmol/L)/Assaa

Survey Referenceb

Chapuy 1994 [21]

France

N = 3270

100% Female

Mean age 84y

Subg 20

CPB

S:Yes Chapuy 1987

PSR:Noe

ASR:No

NS

1984

Men and women

Mean age 74-75y

CPB

Chapuy 1987 [71]

Outpatients

23 (10)

Long stay hospital

11 (6)

Lips 1996 [22]

Netherlands

N = 2578

74% Female

Mean age 80y

Subg 27

HPLC

S:Yes Lips 1987

PSR:Noe

ASR:No

1988

NS

Men and women

Mean age 76y

CPB

Lips 1987 [72]

Hip fracture patients

10.0 (5.7)

Apartment dwellers

17.8 (7.3)

     

1984–5

 

CPB

Lowik 1990 [73]

Men 65-79y

21.6 (10.3)

Women 65-79y

20.5 (8.6)

     

NS

Men and women

Mean age 81-84y

CPB

Lips 1988 [74]

Nursing home

12.7 (4.8)

Aged people home

12.9 (7.2)

Meyer 2002 [23]

Norway

N = 1144

76% Female

Mean age 85y

Subg 49

HPLC

S:Yes Mowe 1998

PSR:Noe

ASR:Yes

1995

1989

Men and women

Mean age 78-80y

Hospital patients

HPLC

Mowe 1998 [75]

Men

40.4 (23.2)

Women

37.5 (22.6)

Home-living

 

Men

59.6 (28.9)

Women

48.5 (20.3)

     

1989

 

CPB

Nes 1993 [76]

Men 75-76y

24.1 (10.1)

Women 75-76y

25.9 (11.2)

Trivedi 2003 [37]

UK

N = 2686

24% Female

Mean age 75y

ND

S:No

PSR:Noe

ASR:No

1996

1994-5

Men and women

Incstar

Finch 1998 [77]

Free-living 65y+

55.5 (26.9)

Institution 65+

32.8 (15.7)

Larsen 2004 [24]

Denmark

N = 9605

60% Female

Mean age 75y

Subg 36

Diasorin

S:Yes Lund 1979

PSR:Noe

ASR:Yes

1995

Pre 1979

Men and women

CPB

Lund 1979 [78]

61-93y

26.8 (12.4)

     

1989

Men and women

CPB

van der Wielen 1995 [14]

75-81y

Men 24

Women 22

Grant 2005 [29]

UK

N = 5292

85% Female

Mean age 77y

Subg 38

HPLC

S:No

PSR:Yes

ASR:Yes

1999

1994–5

Men and women

Incstar

Finch 1998 [77]

Free-living 65y+

55.5 (26.9)

Institution 65+

32.8 (15.7)

Porthouse

2005 [38]

UK

N = 3314

100% Female

Mean age 77y

ND

S:No

PSR:No

ASR:No

2001

1994–5

Women

Incstar

Finch 1998 [77]

Free-living 65y+

51.7 (24.7)

Institution 65+

32.5 (15.5)

Jackson 2006 [33]

USA

N = 36,282

100% Female

Mean age 62y

Subg 48

Liaison

S:No

PSR:Noe

ASR:Yes

1995

1988-94

Men and women

LC-MS/MS equivalent

Schleicher 2016c [79]

40-59y

60.1 (58.7,61.5)

≥60y

58.4 (57.4,59.5)

All females

59.2 (57.9,60.6)

Law 2006 [34]

UK

N = 3717

76% Female

Mean age 85y

Subg 47

IDS

S:No

PSR:No

ASR:No

2000

1994–5

Men and women

Incstar

Finch 1998 [77]

Institution 65+

32.8 (15.7)

Lyons 2007 [39]

UK

N = 3440

76% Female

Mean age 84y

ND

S:No

PSR:No

ASR:Yes

1999

1994–5

Men and women

Incstar

Finch 1998 [77]

Institution 65+

32.8 (15.7)

Smith 2007 [35]

UK

N = 9440

54% Female

Mean age 79y

Subg 43

Nicholls

S:No

PSR:No

ASR:Yes

1998

1994–5

Men and women

Incstar

Finch 1998 [77]

Free-living 65y+

55.5 (26.9)

Institution 65+

32.8 (15.7)

Lappe 2008 [25]

USA

N = 5201

100% Female

Median age 19y

ND

S:Yes Gordon 2004

PSR:No

ASR:No

2001

2001–3

Boys and girls

Nichols

Gordon 2004 [80]

11-18y

 

Summer

49.8 (21.3)

Winter

38.2 (18.8)

     

2001–2

Males and females

LC-MS/MS equivalent

Schleicher 2016 [79]

12-19y

63.0 (60.8,65.2)

20-39y

62.8 (60.6,64.9)

     

1988–94

Males and females

LC-MS/MS equivalent

Schleicher 2016c [79]

12-19y

66.2 (64.1,68.4)

20-39y

64.4 (62.8,66.0)

Salovaara 2010 [30]

Finland

N = 3432

100% Female

Mean age 67y

Subg 50

Diasorin

S:No

PSR:No

ASR:Yes

2002

2000–1

Women

Incstar

Kauppi 2009 [81]

Mean age 53y

Age range 30-97y

45.2 (26.4)

Sanders 2010 [26]

Australia

N = 2258

100% Female

Mean age 76y

Subg 50

Diasorin

S:Yes Pasco 2001

PSR:No

ASR:Yes

2003

1994–7

Women

Incstar

Pasco 2001 [82]

60-79y

62 (31.7)

80y+

53 (26.8)

Punthakee 2012 [42]

Multinational

N = 1221

41% Female

Mean age 67y

ND

S: No

PSR: Yes

ASR:Yes

2009

    

Baron 2015 [36]

USA

N = 2259

37% Female

Mean age 58y

61

IDS

S:No

PSR:Noe

ASR:Yes

2004

2001-2

Men and women

LC-MS/MS equivalent

Schleicher 2016c [79]

40-59y

62.4 (59.9,64.8)

≥60y

60.4 (58.0,62.9)

Cooper 2016 [27]d

UK

N = 1134

100% Female

Mean age 31y

47

Liaison

S:Yes Javaid 2006

PSR:Noe

ASR:Yes

2008

1991-2

Pregnant women

IDS

Javaid 2006 [83]

Mean 27y

18% < 26.5

31% 26.5–50

52% > 50

     

2008–12

Women

19 - 64y

Liaison

47.3

National Diet and Nutrition Survey 2014. [84]

ViDA 2017 [28]d

New Zealand

N = 5110

42% Female

Mean age 66y

63 LCMS/MS

S:Yes Rockwell 2006

PSR:Yes

ASR:Yes

2011

1996–7

Men 45-64y/65y+

52/55

Rockell 2006 [85]

Women 45-64y/65y+

45/43

Diasorin

     

2008–9

Men and women

61/63/66/62

Adult nutrition survey 2009 [86]

45-54y/55-64y/65-74y/≥75y

LCMS/MS