Performance of the WHOQOL-BREF among Norwegian substance use disorder patients

Table 4 Adjusted models explaining variance in WHOQOL-BREF domains

Variables with significant main effects or interaction effects	ß	p	R²
Physical health QoL^a			0.590
Depression score	−8.0	0.001
Unemployment	−26.9	0.048
Social isolation * smoking	−32.4	0.040
Social isolation * residential treatment	−20.2	0.034
Social isolation * weight dissatisfaction	−16.6	0.026
Psychological health QoL^b			0.524
Depression score	−11.9	< 0.001
Single	−9.4	0.037
Social relationships QoL^c			0.271
Depression score	−14.3	0.001
Environment QoL^d			0.386
Depression score	−7.2	0.043
Social isolation * no cannabis	−27.0	0.036
Social isolation * exercise	−19.6	0.004
Exercise * no amphetamines	+ 26.8	0.003

QoL Quality of life
Not significant in adjusted models, after stepwise inclusion: ^aunemployment, smoking, physical inactivity, weight dissatisfaction, benzodiazepine use, opioid maintenance treatment cohort. ^bpartner status, living situation. ^csocial isolation. ^demployment, psychiatric services received, social isolation, chronic disease, physical activity, polysubstance use, cannabis use, amphetamine use
Depression and social factors, rather than the direct effects of substance use or severity, explained most of the variance of the physical health and psychological health QoL domains of the WHOQOL-BREF

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