Explanation | Total | High, N (%); na | Unclear, N (%); na | Low, N (%); na |
---|---|---|---|---|
Not possible to assess other bias | 504 | 7 (1.4);7 | 494 (98);117 | 3 (0.6);3 |
Baseline characteristics similar between the groups | 314 | 0 (0);0 | 24 (8);13 | 290 (92);61 |
Not described/unclear | 233 | 0 (0);0 | 226 (97);54 | 7 (3);4 |
Baseline imbalance between groups of participants | 167 | 91 (54);56 | 62 (37);41 | 14 (9);12 |
Funding: industry | 162 | 83 (51);28 | 77 (48);25 | 2 (1);2 |
Potential confounding factors | 120 | 63 (53);38 | 47 (39);34 | 10 (8);9 |
Not enough information on baseline characteristics of participants | 88 | 8 (9);6 | 78 (89);39 | 2 (2);2 |
Funding: non-profit | 86 | 0 (0);0 | 4 (5);4 | 82 (95);33 |
Funding: not reported | 72 | 0 (0);0 | 68 (94);15 | 4 (6);4 |
Important parameters not reported | 61 | 19 (31);14 | 41 (68);28 | 1 (1);1 |
Sample size: calculation of sample size not provided | 42 | 24 (57);6 | 17 (41);7 | 1 (2);1 |
Potential randomisation problem | 40 | 9 (23);9 | 28 (70);13 | 3 (7);3 |
Potential problem with inclusion criteria | 40 | 16 (40);15 | 22 (55);12 | 2 (5);2 |
Deviations from the study protocol | 37 | 16 (43) 13 | 18 (49) 15 | 3 (8) 3 |
No relevant subgroup analysis | 36 | 10 (28);1 | 26 (72);1 | 0 (0);0 |
Funding: intervention supplied by industry | 32 | 14 (44);7 | 12 (38);10 | 6 (18);3 |
Adequate | 28 | 0 (0);0 | 0 (0);0 | 28 (100);1 |
No information on the validity of the outcome measure | 27 | 3 (11);3 | 23 (85);5 | 1 (4);1 |
Sample size: performed calculation | 24 | 1 (4);1 | 3 (12);3 | 20 (84);9 |
Sample size: small | 23 | 8 (35);5 | 15 (65);5 | 0 (0);0 |