Table 2 Inclusion/exclusion criteria applied in abstract and full-text screening¹

1) Criteria used in abstract screening

Included exposures/interventions

• Diet

• Exercise

• Stress or stress reduction

• Social relationships

• Addiction(s)

• Sleep

• Genetic-based factors

Excluded exposures/interventions:

• Pharmaceutical-based interventions

• Studies on research methods (e.g., validation of a health questionnaire), medical devices, tests or other assays

• Supplement interventions (e.g., micronutrient supplements, protein supplements) without accompanying lifestyle modifications

• Genome-wide association studies (GWAS, i.e., an analysis comparing the allele frequencies of all available polymorphic markers in unrelated patients with a specific symptom or disease condition, and those of healthy controls to identify markers associated with a specific disease or condition)

• Target population is children or healthcare workers

2) Additional criteria used in full-text screening

Included strength of evidence (SOE) tools that evaluated one of the following outcomes:

• Longevity

• Vitality and healthy or successful aging

• Disease risk or disease incidence

Excluded SOE tools addressed outcomes related to:

• Disease prevalence

• Injury severity

• Efficacy or effectiveness of diagnostic tools, medical devices, or other assays