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Fig. 4 | BMC Medical Research Methodology

Fig. 4

From: Heckman-type selection models to obtain unbiased estimates with missing measures outcome: theoretical considerations and an application to missing birth weight data

Fig. 4

Comparison of IFAS effect on BW using alternative methods. Compares IFAS effect estimates from the systematic review in Imad et al. to estimates obtained in the HDSS data using the following missing data approaches: complete case analysis, mean imputation, multiple imputations by chained equations (MICE), and three alternativepattern imputation with delta adjustment ( PIDA) as well as Heckman estimates. For PIDA (1), missing BW data were replaced with group means. For PIDA (2) missing BW data were replaced with BW half a standard deviation below the mean. For PIDA (3), missing BW data were replaced with BWt half a standard deviation above the mean. Effect sizes (ES) represent grams, with 95% confidence intervals in parentheses

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