Healthy ageing and the prediction of mortality and incidence dependence in low- and middle- income countries: a 10/66 population-based cohort study

Table 4 Meta-analysed effects of healthy ageing and self-rated health on incident dependence, controlling sequentially for sociodemographic and health conditions

Incident dependence sub-HR (95% CI)
Healthy Ageing	Q1 quintile	Q2 quintile	Q3 quintile	Q4 quintile	Q5 quintile
Model 1	10.61 (8.38–13.43)	4.38 (3.42–5.61)	2.85 (2.20–3.68)	1.86 (1.42–2.45)	reference
Model 1	I² = 0.0%, p = 0.468	I² = 0.0%, p = 0.696	I² = 0.0%, p = 0.663	0.0%, p = 0.670	reference
Model 2	7.76 (6.04–9.97)	3.63 (2.80–4.70)	2.52 (1.94–3.27)	1.72 (1.30–2.27)	reference
Model 2	I² = 0.0%, p = 0.949	I² = 0.0%, p = 0.915	I² = 0.0%, p = 0.904	I² = 0.0%, p = 0.830	reference
Model 3	5.21 (4.02–6.75)	3.53 (2.71–4.59)	2.60 (2.00–3.35)	1.74 (1.32–2.29)	reference
Model 3	I² = 0.0%, p = 0.735	I² = 0.0%, p = 0.819	I² = 0.0%, p = 0.889	I² = 0.0%, p = 0.799	reference
Self-rated health	very low	low	moderate	good	very good
Model 1	2.18 (1.30–3.64)	2.33 (1.84–2.94)	1.54 (1.30–1.83)	1.14 (0.96–1.35)	reference
Model 1	I² = 47.4%, p = 0.107	I² = 65.1%, p = 0.014	I² = 54.6%, p = 0.051	I² = 24.1%, p = 0.253	reference
Model 2	1.77 (0.99–3.18)	2.03 (1.60–2.57)	1.37 (1.15–1.62)	1.02 (0.85–1.22)	reference
Model 2	I² = 1.3%, p = 0.399	I² = 54.6%, p = 0.051	I² = 59.2%, p = 0.031	I² = 39.6%, p = 0.141	reference
Model 3	1.51 (0.77–2.94)	1.70 (1.29–2.24)	1.29 (1.07–1.55)	1.01 (0.84–1.21)	reference
Model 3	I² = 0.0%, p = 0.529	I² = 0.0%, p = 0.616	I² = 19.7%, p = 0.285	I² = 4.1%, p = 0.390	reference

sub-HR sub-hazard rates of competing risk analysis, CI confidence intervals, Q1: lowest level of healthy ageing; Q5: highest level of healthy ageing; Model 1: no adjustments; Model 2: adjusted for age, sex, education level, number of assets; Model 3: Model 2 + physical impairments, stroke, depression, dementia

ISSN: 1471-2288