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Fig. 2 | BMC Medical Research Methodology

Fig. 2

From: Assessing causal treatment effect estimation when using large observational datasets

Fig. 2

Comparison of adjusted 2SLS IV model estimates from 200 simulated data sets. Different strengths of IV (α1 = 0.1, 0.3, 0.5) are given across the x-axis (a-c). Different strength of treatment effect (β1 = 1.0, 3.0) and sample sizes (N = 20,000, 200,000) are given across the y-axis (1–4); dashed blue horizontal line is the true causal treatment effect β1 =3.0, error bars are 95% confidence intervals for the treatment effect estimates for each simulated data set. Black error bars indicate a significant effect estimate, red error bars indicate a non-significant effect estimate

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