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Table 2 Stratified comparisons of second and firstborn twins: rates and ORs of perinatal death

From: Modeling perinatal mortality in twins via generalized additive mixed models: a comparison of estimation approaches

Variable

Twin births n(%)

Perinatal death

n (per 1000)

ORa

(95% CI)

Variance of random intercepts

Firstborn

Secondborn

Laplace Fit

Bayesian Fitb

Laplace Fit

Bayesian Fit

Birth weight, heavier in %c

 Heavier firstborn twin

  ≥ 25%

32,940 (8.74)

358 (21.74)

989 (60.05)

4.15 (2.31, 6.13)

3.42 (2.47, 4.70)

104.2

3.5

  15 to < 25%

35,810 (9.50)

295 (16.48)

490 (27.37)

2.31 (1.46, 3.65)

1.97 (1.58, 2.49)

74.7

5.5

  5 to < 15%

72,230 (19.16)

565 (15.64)

723 (20.02)

1.68 (1.33, 2.12)

1.39 (1.20, 1.62)

42.3

4.4

 Similar birth weight

  within ±5%

109,998 (29.18)

1040 (18.91)

1174 (21.35)

1.48 (1.28, 1.72)

1.27 (1.13, 1.43)

31.8

5.4

 Heavier secondborn twin

   5 to < 15%

69,804 (18.52)

617 (17.68)

608 (17.42)

1.16 (0.90, 1.50)

1.19 (0.97, 1.40)

69.9

4.7

  15 to < 25%

32,118 (8.52)

354 (22.04)

334 (20.80)

0.86 (0.67, 1.12)

0.91 (0.71, 1.20)

73.9

5.6

   ≥ 25%

24,060 (6.38)

506 (42.06)

351 (29.18)

0.14 (0.07, 0.26)

0.33 (0.25, 0.45)

107.5

3.3

  1. aAdjusted ORs comparing second vs first twin from logistic additive mixed effects models adjusting for fetal sex, birth weight, gestational age, presentation (breech/malpresentation: YES/NO), and mode of delivery (cesarean: YES/NO). Given the death rate is very low, the ORs are good approximation of rate ratios (RRs)
  2. bBayesian estimation with half-Cauchy prior for the variance component (Bayesian-HC method)
  3. cBirthweight difference in percentage comparing the heavier vs lighter twins