Table 2 Results on the association parameter α obtained from the baseline Cox model, the TVCM and the joint model fitted to data generated considering a constant biomarker (scenario 1 of Table 1), α∈(0,0.3,0.6) and σ_ε∈(0.1,0.3,0.5) with CV ∈(3.1%,9.4%,15.6%). Mean of the maximum likelihood estimates (Est), empirical Monte Carlo standard error (ESE), asymptotic standard error (ASE), percentage bias (%Bias) and 95% coverage probabilities (CP) are shown

From: Joint model robustness compared with the time-varying covariate Cox model to evaluate the association between a longitudinal marker and a time-to-event endpoint