Table 1 Comparison of participants in both waves to those who participated only in Wave 1
Total N = 190 | Lost to follow-up N = 67 | Waves 1 & 2 N = 123 | OR | CI | p-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N/m | %/sd | N/m | %/sd | N/m | %/sd | ||||
Socio-demographics | |||||||||
Female Gender | 115 | 60.5 | 40 | 59.7 | 75 | 61.0 | 0.95 | [0.85–1.74] | 0.864 |
Age at time of terrorist attack: | |||||||||
mean | 41.8 | 13.6 | 38.8 | 14.3 | 43.5 | 12.9 | |||
min-max | 19–84 | 19–84 | 23–79 | ||||||
[18–30] | 49 | 25.8 | 26 | 38.8 | 23 | 18.7 | ref | 0.007 | |
[31–50] | 94 | 49.5 | 30 | 44.8 | 64 | 52.0 | 0.41 | [0.20–0.84] | |
≥ 51 | 47 | 24.7 | 11 | 16.4 | 36 | 29.2 | 0.27 | [0.11–0.65] | |
Educational Level < high-school diploma | 57 | 30.2 | 24 | 35.8 | 33 | 27.0 | 0.66 | [0.35–1.26] | 0.210 |
Unemployed | 34 | 17.9 | 14 | 20.9 | 20 | 16.3 | 1.36 | [0.64–2.91] | 0.427 |
Living alone | 46 | 24.2 | 10 | 14.9 | 36 | 29.3 | 0.42 | [0.20–0.92] | 0.030 |
Non-French origin | 13 | 6.8 | 8 | 11.9 | 5 | 4.1 | 3.20 | [1.01–10.21] | 0.049 |
Terror exposure | |||||||||
Event location outside of Paris (vs Paris) | 131 | 68.9 | 39 | 58.2 | 92 | 74.8 | 2.13 | [1.13–4.01] | 0.019 |
Geographic exposure: | |||||||||
Less than 10 m | 20 | 10.5 | 6 | 9.0 | 14 | 11.4 | 1.39 | [0.32–6.08] | 0.639 |
Very close, next room | 64 | 33.7 | 23 | 34.3 | 41 | 33.3 | 1.82 | [0.53–6.25] | |
Neighbouring building | 89 | 46.8 | 34 | 50.7 | 55 | 44.7 | 2.01 | [0.61–6.67] | |
Elsewhere | 17 | 8.9 | 4 | 6.0 | 13 | 10.6 | ref | ||
Objective exposure: | |||||||||
Directly threatened | 58 | 30.5 | 22 | 32.8 | 36 | 29.3 | 0.86 | [0.37–2.00] | 0.516 |
Indirectly threatened | 82 | 43.2 | 27 | 40.3 | 55 | 44.7 | 0.38 | [0.09–1.61] | |
Close relative of victims | 14 | 7.4 | 3 | 4.5 | 11 | 8.9 | 0.69 | [0.31–1.54] | |
Witness | 36 | 18.9 | 15 | 22.4 | 21 | 17.1 | ref | ||
Perceived terror exposure (0–10) | 6.3 | 3.0 | 6.1 | 3.1 | 6.4 | 3.0 | 0.97 | [0.88–1.07] | 0.518 |
Peri-traumatic reactions | |||||||||
PDEQ (0–40) | 15.5 | 10.5 | 14.2 | 10.8 | 16.2 | 10.3 | 0.98 | [0.95–1.01] | 0.226 |
STRS (0–52) | 22.5 | 11.6 | 20.9 | 12.9 | 23.4 | 10.9 | 0.98 | [0.96–1.01] | 0.170 |
Sheehan disability scale | |||||||||
Work (impact ≥4) | 83 | 45.1 | 19 | 28.8 | 64 | 54.2 | 0.34 | [0.18–0.65] | 0.001 |
Social life (impact ≥4) | 75 | 39.5 | 22 | 32.8 | 53 | 43.1 | 0.65 | [0.35–1.20] | 0.168 |
Family life, home responsibilities (impact ≥4) | 66 | 34.7 | 23 | 34.3 | 43 | 35.0 | 0.97 | [0.52–1.82] | 0.930 |
Psychological support | |||||||||
No psychological support (after 48 h, 1w, or > 1w) | 46 | 24.2 | 22 | 32.8 | 24 | 19.5 | 2.00 | [1.01–3.93] | 0.046 |
No regular psychological follow-up after attack | 144 | 76.2 | 55 | 83.3 | 89 | 72.4 | 1.91 | [0.89–4.08] | 0.094 |
Dissatisfaction with psychological support from professionals | 56 | 32.6 | 22 | 39.3 | 34 | 29.3 | 1.56 | [0.80–3.05] | 0.192 |
Media impact | |||||||||
Contacted by media regarding the event | 116 | 61.1 | 40 | 59.7 | 76 | 61.8 | 0.92 | [0.50–1.68] | 0.778 |
Interviewed by media regarding the event | 63 | 34.8 | 28 | 43.8 | 35 | 29.9 | 1.82 | [0.97–3.43] | 0.063 |
Social support | |||||||||
Feeling alone | 27 | 14.2 | 7 | 10.4 | 20 | 16.3 | 0.60 | [0.24–1.50] | 0.277 |
No perceived moral/emotional support | 2 | 1.1 | 1 | 1.5 | 1 | 0.8 | 1.85 | [0.11–30.03] | 0.666 |
No perceived financial/material support | 37 | 19.5 | 11 | 16.4 | 26 | 21.1 | 0.73 | [0.34–1.60] | 0.434 |
No perceived everyday support | 20 | 10.5 | 6 | 9.0 | 14 | 11.4 | 0.77 | [0.28–2.10] | 0.603 |
Mental health | |||||||||
PTSD (previous month) | 34 | 17.9 | 14 | 20.9 | 20 | 16.3 | 1.36 | [0.64–2.91] | 0.427 |
Major depressive disorder (last two weeks) | 20 | 10.5 | 7 | 10.4 | 13 | 10.6 | 0.99 | [0.37–2.61] | 0.979 |
Suicide risk (previous month) | 52 | 27.4 | 15 | 22.4 | 37 | 30.1 | 0.67 | [0.34–1.34] | 0.257 |
Anxiety disorders (at least one) | 50 | 26.5 | 16 | 23.9 | 34 | 27.9 | 0.91 | [0.47–1.73] | 0.764 |
Moderately/markedly/severely ill (CGI) | 55 | 29.4 | 17 | 26.2 | 38 | 31.1 | 0.78 | [0.40–1.53] | 0.476 |