Table 4 Comparison of the Telephone and Web Survey Data with the Census Data Regarding Sociodemographic Variables
Sociodemographic variables | Census | Sample | Chi-square test (χ2) and effect size (Cramer’s V)a | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Web | Phone | Web-Census | Telephone-Census | Web-Telephone | |||||
χ2 | Cramer’s V | χ2 | Cramer’s V | χ2 | Cramer’s V | ||||
Age | |||||||||
• 18–34 | 25.6% | 11.3% | 5.6% | 178.76**** | 0.19†† | 312.07**** | 0.25††† | 35.66*** | 0.14† |
• 35–44 | 16.4% | 13.9% | 14.4% | ||||||
• 45–54 | 18.8% | 19.1% | 17.7% | ||||||
• 55–64 | 18.6% | 27.8% | 26.4% | ||||||
• 65–74 | 12.9% | 21.3% | 24.0% | ||||||
• 75 and more | 7.7% | 6.6% | 11.9% | ||||||
Gender | |||||||||
• Male | 48.5% | 44.6% | 31.7% | 5.97* | 0.08 | 113.40**** | 0.34†† | 34.34*** | −0.13† |
• Female | 51.5% | 55.4% | 68.3% | ||||||
Household size | |||||||||
• 1 person | 30.5% | 25.8% | 22.4% | 58.32**** | 0.18† | 40.25**** | 0.14† | 7.69* | 0.06 |
• 2 persons | 34.2% | 44.1% | 41.7% | ||||||
• 3 persons and more | 35.3% | 30.1% | 35.9% | ||||||
Presence of at least one child in the household | |||||||||
• Yes | 39.2% | 28.7% | 36.3% | 43.53**** | 0.22† | 3.54 n.s. | 0.06 | 12.68*** | −0.08 |
• No | 60.8% | 71.3% | 63.7% | ||||||
Highest education levelb | |||||||||
• No certificate, diploma, or degree | 17.4% | 8.1% | 12.1% | 165.57**** | 0.24†† | 240.86**** | 0.28†† | 19.33*** | 0.10† |
• Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate | 23.3% | 29.2% | 30.2% | ||||||
• Diploma or certificate of college, trade, or vocational studies, or partial university studies | 39.3% | 30.7% | 23.1% | ||||||
• University degree | 20.0% | 32.0% | 34.6% | ||||||
Household annual gross incomeb | |||||||||
• $20,000 and less | 9.7% | 9.2% | 12.2% | 6.24n.s. | 0.05 | 10.60* | 0.07† | 13.40** | 0.09 |
• $20,001–$60,000 | 37.1% | 41.1% | 37.6% | ||||||
• $60,001–$100,000 | 26.3% | 27.7% | 22.7% | ||||||
• More than $100,000 | 26.9% | 22.0% | 27.5% | ||||||