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Table 4 Error frequency per language

From: Translation method is validity evidence for construct equivalence: analysis of secondary data routinely collected during translations of the Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ)

Language

Complex word or phrase

Cultural

Grammar

Idiom/literal meaning

Measurement

Printed error

Semantic

Unit of meaning - Additional

Unit of meaning - Omission

Unit of meaning - Substitution

Total errors per language

Arabic

1

0

0

1

1

0

2

0

0

0

5

Czech

1

1

1

1

0

0

2

2

3

2

13

French (Canada)

8

0

5

3

0

0

1

1

0

0

18

French (France)

16

1

2

2

5

0

7

5

1

4

43

Hindi

34

3

0

1

0

0

6

1

0

2

47

Indonesian

21

0

1

1

1

0

12

0

0

1

37

Slovak

3

2

6

3

1

1

6

1

4

5

32

Somali

0

0

7

0

1

4

7

3

2

2

26

Spanish (Argentina)

15

0

5

1

2

0

11

0

3

1

38

Total errors per codeacross languages

99

7

27

13

11

5

54

13

13

17

259