Table 1 Matching table of the concepts grouping the risk and protective factors
Risk factors in Acatepec | Risk factors in Xochistlahuaca |
Category: The woman does not have a healthy maternity (nor a healthy delivery) | |
The woman suffers “Espanto” (fright) | The woman suffers “Espanto” (fright) (traditional disease) |
The woman suffers “Antojo”/Craving | The woman suffers “Antojo”/Craving (traditional disease) |
The woman suffers “Shaime” (traditional disease) | |
The woman suffers “Smoke” (traditional disease, different from smoking) | |
The woman suffers “The evil eye” (traditional disease) | |
The woman suffers “Nahual” (traditional disease) | |
The woman suffers “Coraje” (anger) (traditional disease) | |
The baby suffers “Nquio” (traditional disease) | |
Woman’s body and face swelling | Woman’s feet swelling, abdominal swelling |
Cold / Coldness of the womb | Cold / Coldness |
Hemorrhage (pregnancy) | Bleeding (pregnancy) |
Headache (pregnancy) | |
Decreased appetite | |
Chills (fever and cold) | |
Cough | |
Flatulence | |
Seizures | |
Weight loss | |
Vaginal discharge, itching | |
Dizziness, nausea, vomiting (during pregnancy and delivery) | |
Painful labor and delivery | |
Vaginal swelling (delivery) | |
Breech presentation (delivery) | |
Baby wrapped in umbilical cord (delivery) | |
Prolonged labor | Prolonged labor |
Tiredness (delivery) | Fatigue (delivery) |
Seeing flashing lights (delivery) | |
Faint during delivery | |
Headache | Headache (delivery) |
Hemorrhage during delivery | Hemorrhage during delivery |
Retained placenta | Retained placenta |
Category: The woman dies | |
Maternal Death | Maternal Death |
Category: The baby dies | |
Infant death | Infant death |
Pregnancy loss | |
Category: Abnormal position of baby | |
Abnormal position of baby | Abnormal position of baby |
Category: Abortion | |
Abortion | Abortion |
Category: The woman suffers violence | |
Violence (partner or family, sexual abuse, absent father, extramarital children, treats from the father to make her abort) | Violence (domestic violence related with alcohol consumption) |
Disagreement or fight | |
Category: Unsupportive family environment | |
Unsupportive family environment | |
Category: The woman does not follow protective rituals | |
Not following protective rituals (lighting candles in the mountain or prayers) | |
Category: The woman does not follow self-care practices | |
Practices such as: cooking too close to the fire, using long thread when sewing. | Practices such as: carrying heavy loads, shower with cold water, eating cold tortillas, eating pork, eating too much chili pepper, or not covering the head after delivery. |
Eating forbidden food (a long list of fruits and animals) | |
The woman has multiple sexual partners | |
Shower with cold water | |
Expose to cold environments | |
Heavy work | |
Poor hygiene | |
Ignorance of when to push | |
Wrong position while sleeping | |
Sexual relations too early after delivery | |
Drinking alcohol (getting drunk) and infidelity | |
Category: Accidents | |
Accidents | |
Poisonous animal bites | |
Category: Intended spiritual attacks from others | |
Intended spiritual attacks from others | |
Envy | |
Category: Physical or spiritual imbalance | |
Someone with “heavy” sight looks the women | |
Physical or spiritual imbalances | |
Category: Primigravida | |
Primigravida | |
Category: The woman has poor health condition (before pregnancy) | |
The woman has “weak blood” | |
Category: The woman is poorly nourished | |
Bad nutrition | Bad nutrition |
Category: The woman has worries, feels disgust or nervous during pregnancy | |
The woman feels nervous during pregnancy | |
The woman has fright caused by thunders, animals, or accidents | The woman has fright |
The woman feels embarrassment or sadness | |
The woman finds something disgusting | |
Category: Unwanted pregnancy | |
Unwanted pregnancy | Unwanted pregnancy |
Protective factors enumerated in Acatepec | Protective factors enumerated in Xochistlahuaca |
Category: The woman has a safe birth and healthy maternity | |
The woman is happy | The woman is happy, beautiful, good worker, not lazy, does not get “coraje” (anger). Also, she has a healthy husband |
The woman is strong and brave | |
The woman is able to give birth at home | A good labor and delivery: healthy pains, less blood loss, fast healing |
The woman does not get sick | Healthy postpartum: healthy baby / the woman is willing to eat after labor |
Category: The woman has support of a traditional midwife or healer | |
Support of a midwife or traditional healer | The woman receives care from the traditional midwife (and she takes care of the position of the baby) |
Traditional midwives in the community | |
A midwife counsels the husband | |
Category: Healthcare center or hospital is available | |
Healthcare centers available | Hospital available (Hospital básico comunitario) |
Category: The woman follows protective rituals | |
The woman follows protective rituals (lighting candles or indigenous prayers) | The woman follows protective rituals associated with traditional medicine |
Praying in the church (Cristian or Catholic) asking for health | |
Category: The woman follows self-care practices | |
The woman takes care of herself | |
Category: The woman does not suffer violence | |
The woman does not suffer violence | |
Category: The woman lives without worries | |
The woman lives without worries | |
Category: The woman has a caring, working, and loving husband | |
The woman is well treated by the husband | |
The woman has a caring and loving husband | The woman has a caring and working husband |
The husband talks to the baby in the womb | |
Category: The woman has good communication with husband | |
Good communication with husband | |
The woman discusses (talks) with husband about pregnancy and delivery | |
Category: The woman has a good health condition (before pregnancy) | |
The woman does not get sick | |
The woman heals from her diseases | |
Category: The woman has economic stability | |
Economic stability | |
Category: The woman is well nourished | |
The woman eats good (enough) food | The woman eats good (enough) food |