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Table 3 Average number of missing items in the total Zung Depression scale and in its sub dimensions, for the total sample and according to the participants’ demographic, clinical and lifestyle characteristics; the ATTICA epidemiological study

From: Missing-data analysis: socio- demographic, clinical and lifestyle determinants of low response rate on self- reported psychological and nutrition related multi- item instruments in the context of the ATTICA epidemiological study

 

Total

Affective Symptoms

Cognitive Symptoms

Somatic symptoms

Mean (SD1)

p-value2

Mean (SD)

p-value2

Mean (SD)

p-value2

Mean (SD)

p-value2

Total sample

7.97 (3.74)

3.28 (1.63)

1.85 (1.28)

0.46 (0.97)

Demographic characteristics

Sex

 Male

8.05 (3.71)

0.245

3.28 (1.62)

0.794

1.89 (1.27)

0.134

0.48 (0.97)

0.281

 Female

7.86 (3.80)

3.27 (1.64)

1.80 (1.30)

0.43 (0.97)

Educational level3

 No formal studies

7.91 (3.69)

0.351

3.32 (1.64)

0.069

1.85 (1.27)

0.112

0.57 (1.03)

0.089

 Primary education

7.52 (3.74)

3.15 (1.68)

1.68 (1.27)

0.41 (0.91)

 Secondary education

7.51 (3.94)

3.13 (1.61)

1.68 (1.32)

0.39 (0.89)

 Higher education

7.29 (3.73)

2.96 (1.59)

1.54 (1.40)

0.22 (0.69)

Clinical characteristics

Obesity4

  Yes

8.06 (3.87)

0.515

3.28 (1.63)

0.870

1.86 (1.30)

0.840

0.52 (1.05)

0.113

  No

7.94 (3.72)

3.26 (1.62)

1.85 (1.28)

0.44 (0.94)

Diabetes Mellitus5

  Yes

8.33 (3.52)

0.004

3.47 (1.59)

0.002

1.97 (1.24)

0.009

0.43 (0.91)

0.564

  No

7.64 (3.71)

3.15 (1.63)

1.75 (1.30)

0.39 (0.84)

Hypertension6

  Yes

8.10 (3.74)

0.253

3.28 (1.63)

0.943

1.91 (1.28)

0.172

0.48 (0.98)

0.451

  No

7.91 (3.74)

3.27 (1.62)

1.83 (1.28)

0.45 (0.96)

Hypercholesterolemia7

  Desirable levels (<  200 mg/dL)

7.74 (3.82)

0.191

3.10 (1.62)

0.001

1.77 (1.28)

0.018

0.37 (0.88)

< 0.001

  Borderline levels (200–239 mg/dL)

7.93 (3.82)

3.19 (1.63)

1.78 (1.31)

0.45 (0.95)

  High levels (>  240 mg/dL)

8.12 (3.65)

3.42 (1.60)

1.94 (1.27)

0.62 (1.10)

Lifestyle characteristics

Type of lifestyle8

  Unhealthy lifestyle

7.73 (3.67)

0.821

3.23 (1.63)

0.518

1.79 (1.29)

0.855

0.44 (0.93)

0.351

  Healthy lifestyle

7.66 (3.77)

3.15 (1.63)

1.78 (1.29)

0.33 (0.88)

  1. Notes: 1SD Standard Deviation. 2p-value is based on the Independent samples t-test when the categorical characteristic has two categories, and on the one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) when the categorical characteristic has at least three categories. 3 Educational level is defined as follows: No formal studies = 0 years, Primary education≤6 years, Secondary education≤12 years, and Higher education> 12 years. 4Obesity was defined as Body Mass Index (BMI) ≥ 29.9 kg/m2. 5 Diabetes mellitus was defined as a fasting blood sugar > 125 mg/dl or the use of antidiabetic medication. 6 Patients whose average blood pressure levels were greater or equal to 140 / 90 mmHg or were under antihypertensive medication were classified as hypertensives. 7 The definition of hypercholesterolemia was based on the total serum cholesterol levels. 8 Healthy lifestyle = non- smokers and physically active participants, Unhealthy lifestyle = Either smokers, or physically inactive participants
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BMC Medical Research Methodology

ISSN: 1471-2288

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