Table 1 The basic characteristics of guidelines included
No. | Title | Publication /updated (year) | Publishing organization | Grade of evidence and recommendation | Topic | Factors need to consider when formulating recommendations | Number of recommendations | The number of recommendations only supported by qualitative evidence | The number of recommendations supported by qualitative and quantitative evidence | The quantity and type of qualitative evidence | Update plan (period, organization, update criteria) | Number of references |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Management of epithelial ovarian cancer [21] | 2013/2018 | SIGN | grade criteria developed by SIGN | epithelial ovarian cancer | the strength of the evidence;applicable; consistency of results | 66 | 0 | 4 | 4, primary studies | 3, GPAG, new evidence substantially changes a small number of recommendations, a specific issue (such as a new drug therapy or national issue), the nature of the update may not warrant assembling a multidisciplinary group | 68 |
2 | Diagnosis and management of epilepsy in adults [22] | 2015/2018 | SIGN | grade criteria developed by SIGN | epilepsy in adults | the strength of the evidence;applicable; consistency of results | 224 | 0 | 3 | 3, primary studies | 3, GPAG, new evidence substantially changes a small number of recommendations, a specific issue (such as a new drug therapy or national issue), the nature of the update may not warrant assembling a multidisciplinary group | 104 |
3 | Management of stable angina [23] | 2018/− | SIGN | grade criteria developed by SIGN | stable angina | the quality (level) of the evidence;relevance to the NHS in Scotland; applicability of published evidence to the target population; consistency of the body of evidence, and the balance of benefits and harms of the options. | 59 | 0 | 2 | 2, primary studies | 3, GPAG, new evidence substantially changes a small number of recommendations, a specific issue (such as a new drug therapy or national issue), the nature of the update may not warrant assembling a multidisciplinary group | 76 |
4 | Cardiac rehabilitation [24] | 2017/− | SIGN | grade criteria developed by SIGN | cardiac rehabilitation | the quality (level) of the evidence;relevance to the NHS in Scotland; applicability of published evidence to the target population; consistency of the body of evidence, and the balance of benefits and harms of the options. | 36 | 0 | 5 | 5, primary studies systematic review | 3, GPAG, new evidence substantially changes a small number of recommendations, a specific issue (such as a new drug therapy or national issue), the nature of the update may not warrant assembling a multidisciplinary group | 49 |
5 | Assessment, diagnosis and interventions for autism spectrum disorders [25] | 2016/− | SIGN | grade criteria developed by SIGN | autism spectrum disorders | the quality (level) of the evidence;relevance to the NHS in Scotland; applicability of published evidence to the target population; consistency of the body of evidence, and the balance of benefits and harms of the options. | 94 | 0 | 4 | 4, primary studies | 3, GPAG, new evidence substantially changes a small number of recommendations, a specific issue (such as a new drug therapy or national issue), the nature of the update may not warrant assembling a multidisciplinary group | 83 |
6 | Management of chronic heart failure [26] | 2016/− | SIGN | grade criteria developed by SIGN | chronic heart failure | the quality (level) of the evidence;relevance to the NHS in Scotland; applicability of published evidence to the target population; consistency of the body of evidence, and the balance of benefits and harms of the options. | 80 | 0 | 3 | 3, primary studies | 3, GPAG, new evidence substantially changes a small number of recommendations, a specific issue (such as a new drug therapy or national issue), the nature of the update may not warrant assembling a multidisciplinary group | 82 |
7 | Acute coronary syndrome [27] | 2016/− | SIGN | grade criteria developed by SIGN | acute coronary syndrom | the quality (level) of the evidence;relevance to the NHS in Scotland; applicability of published evidence to the target population; consistency of the body of evidence, and the balance of benefits and harms of the options. | 68 | 0 | 1 | 1, primary study | 3, GPAG, new evidence substantially changes a small number of recommendations, a specific issue (such as a new drug therapy or national issue), the nature of the update may not warrant assembling a multidisciplinary group | 66 |
8 | British guideline on the management of asthma [28] | 2016/− | SIGN | grade criteria developed by SIGN | asthma | the strength of the evidence, applicable, consistency of results | 262 | 0 | 4 | 4, primary studies systematic review | 3, GPAG, new evidence substantially changes a small number of recommendations, a specific issue (such as a new drug therapy or national issue), the nature of the update may not warrant assembling a multidisciplinary group | 214 |
9 | Glaucoma referral and safe discharge [29] | 2015/− | SIGN | grade criteria developed by SIGN | glaucoma | the quality (level) of the evidence;relevance to the NHS in Scotland; applicability of published evidence to the target population; consistency of the body of evidence, and the balance of benefits and harms of the options. | 60 | 0 | 3 | 3, primary studies systematic review | 3, GPAG, new evidence substantially changes a small number of recommendations, a specific issue (such as a new drug therapy or national issue), the nature of the update may not warrant assembling a multidisciplinary group | 45 |
10 | Brain injury rehabilitation in adults [30] | 2013/− | SIGN | grade criteria developed by SIGN | brain injury rehabilitation in adults | the strength of the evidence;applicable; consistency of results | 54 | 0 | 1 | 1, primary study | 3, GPAG, new evidence substantially changes a small number of recommendations, a specific issue (such as a new drug therapy or national issue), the nature of the update may not warrant assembling a multidisciplinary group | 75 |
11 | Management of hepatitis C [31] | 2013/− | SIGN | grade criteria developed by SIGN | hepatitis C | the strength of the evidence;applicable; consistency of results | 157 | 0 | 1 | 1, primary study | 3, GPAG, new evidence substantially changes a small number of recommendations, a specific issue (such as a new drug therapy or national issue), the nature of the update may not warrant assembling a multidisciplinary group | 64 |
12 | Management of chronic pain [32] | 2013/− | SIGN | grade criteria developed by SIGN | chronic pain | the strength of the evidence;applicable; consistency of results | 64 | 0 | 1 | 1, systematic review | 3, GPAG, new evidence substantially changes a small number of recommendations, a specific issue (such as a new drug therapy or national issue), the nature of the update may not warrant assembling a multidisciplinary group | 71 |
13 | Management of adult testicular germ cell tumours [33] | 2011/− | SIGN | grade criteria developed by SIGN | adult testicular germ cell tumours | the strength of the evidence;applicable; consistency of results | 97 | 0 | 2 | 2, primary studies | 3, GPAG, new evidence substantially changes a small number of recommendations, a specific issue (such as a new drug therapy or national issue), the nature of the update may not warrant assembling a multidisciplinary group | 70 |
14 | Diagnosis and management of colorectal cancer [34] | 2011/− | SIGN | grade criteria developed by SIGN | colorectal cancer | the strength of the evidence;applicable; consistency of results | 114 | 0 | 1 | 1, primary study | 3, GPAG, new evidence substantially changes a small number of recommendations, a specific issue (such as a new drug therapy or national issue), the nature of the update may not warrant assembling a multidisciplinary group | 63 |
15 | Implementing supervised injection services [35] | 2018/− | RNAO | Adapted from SIGN and Pati D. A framework | injection services | benefits and harms,values and preferences,applicable, supporting resources | 10 | 0 | 8 | 8, primary studies | 5, IABPG, three months prior to the review milestone, new systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials, and other relevant literature in the field | 108 |
16 | Promoting and supporting the initiation, exclusivity, and continuation of breastfeeding for newborns, infants, and young children [36] | 2018/− | RNAO | Adapted from SIGN and Pati D. A framework | breastfeeding for newborns, infants,and young children | benefits and harms,values and preferences,applicable,supporting resources | 16 | 0 | 4 | 4, primary studies | 5, IABPG, three months prior to the review milestone, new systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials, and other relevant literature in the field | 204 |
17 | Adult asthma care: promoting control of asthma second edition [37] | 2004/2017 | RNAO | Adapted from SIGN and Pati D. A framework | adult asthma care | benefits and harms,values and preferences,applicable, supporting resources | 22 | 0 | 2 | 2, primary studies | 5, IABPG, three months prior to the review milestone, new systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials, and other relevant literature in the field | 128 |
18 | Crisis intervention for adults using a trauma-informed Approach: initial four weeks of management third edition [38] | 2002/2017 | RNAO | Adapted from SIGN and Pati D. A framework | crisis intervention for adults | benefits and harms,values and preferences,applicable, supporting resources | 13 | 0 | 2 | 2, primary studies | 5, IABPG, three months prior to the review milestone, new systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials, and other relevant literature in the field | 108 |
19 | Delirium, dementia, and depression in older adults: assessment and care second edition [39] | 2010/2016 | RNAO | Adapted from SIGN and Pati D. A framework | delirium, dementia, and depression in older adults | benefits and harms,values and preferences,applicable, supporting resources | 44 | 0 | 3 | 3, primary studies systematic review | 5, IABPG, three months prior to the review milestone, new systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials, and other relevant literature in the field | 164 |
20 | Person- and family-centred care [40] | 2015/− | RNAO | Adapted from SIGN and Pati D. A framework | person- and family-centred care | benefits and harms,values and preferences,applicable, supporting resources | 15 | 0 | 6 | 6, primary studies systematic review | 5, IABPG, three months prior to the review milestone, new systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials, and other relevant literature in the field | 106 |
21 | Care transitions [41] | 2014/− | RNAO | Adapted from SIGN | care transitions | benefits and harms,values and preferences,applicable, supporting resources | 22 | 0 | 4 | 4, primary studies | 5, IABPG, three months prior to the review milestone, new systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials, and other relevant literature in the field | 93 |
22 | Preventing and addressing abuse and neglect of older adults: person-centred, collaborative, system-wide approaches [42] | 2014/− | RNAO | Adapted from SIGN and Pati D. A framework | abuse and neglect of older adults | benefits and harms,values and preferences,applicable, supporting resources | 22 | 0 | 5 | 6, primary studies | 5, IABPG, three months prior to the review milestone, new systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials, and other relevant literature in the field | 130 |
23 | Primary prevention of childhood obesity second edition [43] | 2005/2014 | RNAO | Adapted from SIGN | childhood obesity | benefits and harms,values and preferences,applicable, supporting resources | 21 | 0 | 2 | 2, primary studies | 5, IABPG, three months prior to the review milestone, new systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials, and other relevant literature in the field | 144 |
24 | Assessment and management of foot ulcers for people with diabetes second edition [44] | 2005/2013 | RNAO | Adapted from SIGN | foot ulcers for people with diabetes | benefits and harms,values and preferences,applicable, supporting resources | 27 | 2 | 1 | 4, primary study | 5, IABPG, three months prior to the review milestone, new systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials, and other relevant literature in the field | 160 |
25 | Promoting safety: alternative approaches to the use of restraints [45] | 2012/− | RNAO | Adapted from SIGN | promoting safety | benefits and harms,values and preferences,applicable, supporting resources | 12 | 0 | 7 | 7, primary studies systematic review | 5, IABPG, three months prior to the review milestone, new systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials, and other relevant literature in the field | 152 |
26 | Depression in children and young people: identification and management [46] | 2019 | NICE | GRADE | depression in children and young people | the evidence available,the individual needs,preferences and values of patients | 121 | 0 | 1 | 1, primary studies | 3, NICE’ s Guidance Executive, references to other NICE guidance or hyperlinks to other NICE endorsed tools or resources, the latest government policy or guidelines, reflect the current practice context | 44 |
27 | Pancreatic cancer in adults: diagnosis and management [47] | 2018/− | NICE | GRADE | pancreatic cancer in adults | the evidence available,the individual needs,preferences and values of patients | 57 | 0 | 1 | 1, primary study | 3, NICE’ s Guidance Executive, references to other NICE guidance or hyperlinks to other NICE endorsed tools or resources, the latest government policy or guidelines, reflect the current practice context | 21 |
28 | Antimicrobial stewardship: changing risk related behaviours in the general population [48] | 2017/− | NICE | GRADE | antimicrobial stewardship | the evidence available,the individual needs,preferences and values of patients | 35 | 0 | 1 | 2, primary studies | 3, NICE’ s Guidance Executive, references to other NICE guidance or hyperlinks to other NICE endorsed tools or resources, the latest government policy or guidelines, reflect the current practice context | 44 |
29 | Eating disorders: recognition and treatment [49] | 2017/− | NICE | GRADE | eating disorders | the evidence available,the individual needs,preferences and values of patients | 139 | 0 | 1 | 1, primary study | 3, NICE’ s Guidance Executive, references to other NICE guidance or hyperlinks to other NICE endorsed tools or resources, the latest government policy or guidelines, reflect the current practice context | 41 |
30 | Healthcare-associated infections: prevention and control in primary and community care [50] | 2012/2017 | NICE | GRADE | healthcare-associated infections | the evidence available,the individual needs,preferences and values of patients | 102 | 1 | 0 | 1, primary study | 3, NICE’ s Guidance Executive, references to other NICE guidance or hyperlinks to other NICE endorsed tools or resources, the latest government policy or guidelines, reflect the current practice context | 33 |
31 | Hip fracture: management [51] | 2011/2017 | NICE | GRADE | hip fracture | the evidence available,the individual needs,preferences and values of patients | 33 | 0 | 2 | 2, primary studies | 3, NICE’ s Guidance Executive, references to other NICE guidance or hyperlinks to other NICE endorsed tools or resources, the latest government policy or guidelines, reflect the current practice context | 19 |
32 | Immunisations: reducing differences in uptake in under 19 s [52] | 2009/2017 | NICE | GRADE | immunisations | the evidence available,the individual needs,preferences and values of patients | 6 | 0 | 2 | 60, primary studies systematic review | 3, NICE’ s Guidance Executive, references to other NICE guidance or hyperlinks to other NICE endorsed tools or resources, the latest government policy or guidelines, reflect the current practice context | 60 |
33 | Intermediate care including reablement [53] | 2017/− | NICE | GRADE | intermediate care | the evidence available,the individual needs,preferences and values of patients | 52 | 0 | 5 | 5, primary studies | 3, NICE’ s Guidance Executive, references to other NICE guidance or hyperlinks to other NICE endorsed tools or resources, the latest government policy or guidelines, reflect the current practice context | 28 |
34 | Suspected cancer: recognition and referral [54] | 2015/2017 | NICE | GRADE | suspected cancer | the evidence available,the individual needs,preferences and values of patients | 110 | 0 | 1 | 1, primary study | 3, NICE’ s Guidance Executive, references to other NICE guidance or hyperlinks to other NICE endorsed tools or resources, the latest government policy or guidelines, reflect the current practice context | 79 |
35 | Coexisting severe mental illness and substance misuse: community health and social care services [55] | 2016/− | NICE | GRADE | coexisting severe mental illness and substance misuse | the evidence available,the individual needs,preferences and values of patients | 50 | 6 | 4 | 153, primary studies systematic review | 3, NICE’ s Guidance Executive, references to other NICE guidance or hyperlinks to other NICE endorsed tools or resources, the latest government policy or guidelines, reflect the current practice context | 60 |
36 | Oral health for adults in care homes [56] | 2016/− | NICE | GRADE | adults in care homes | the evidence available,the individual needs,preferences and values of patients | 22 | 0 | 11 | 93, primary studies | 3, NICE’ s Guidance Executive, references to other NICE guidance or hyperlinks to other NICE endorsed tools or resources, the latest government policy or guidelines, reflect the current practice context | 37 |
37 | Skin cancer prevention [57] | 2011/2016 | NICE | GRADE | skin cancer | the evidence available,the individual needs,preferences and values of patients | 6 | 1 | 4 | 54, primary studies | 3, NICE’ s Guidance Executive, references to other NICE guidance or hyperlinks to other NICE endorsed tools or resources, the latest government policy or guidelines, reflect the current practice context | 64 |
38 | Maternal and child nutrition [58] | 2008/2014 | NICE | GRADE | maternal and child nutrition | the evidence available,the individual needs,preferences and values of patients | 15 | 0 | 4 | 4, primary studies | 3, NICE’ s Guidance Executive, references to other NICE guidance or hyperlinks to other NICE endorsed tools or resources, the latest government policy or guidelines, reflect the current practice context | 98 |
39 | Needle and syringe programmes [59] | 2014/− | NICE | GRADE | needle and syringe programmes | the evidence available,the individual needs,preferences and values of patients | 10 | 1 | 3 | 7, primary studies | 3, NICE’ s Guidance Executive, references to other NICE guidance or hyperlinks to other NICE endorsed tools or resources, the latest government policy or guidelines, reflect the current practice context | 58 |
40 | Physical activity: brief advice for adults in primary care [60] | 2013/− | NICE | GRADE | adults in primary care | the evidence available,the individual needs,preferences and values of patients | 5 | 3 | 2 | 68, primary studies | 3, NICE’ s Guidance Executive, references to other NICE guidance or hyperlinks to other NICE endorsed tools or resources, the latest government policy or guidelines, reflect the current practice context | 60 |
41 | Service user experience in adult mental health: improving the experience of care for people using adult NHS mental health services [61] | 2011/− | NICE | GRADE | adult mental health | the evidence available,the individual needs,preferences and values of patients | 44 | 0 | 5 | 7, primary studies | 3, NICE’ s Guidance Executive, references to other NICE guidance or hyperlinks to other NICE endorsed tools or resources, the latest government policy or guidelines, reflect the current practice context | 42 |
42 | Type 2 diabetes prevention: population and community-level interventions [62] | 2011/− | NICE | GRADE | type 2 diabetes prevention | the evidence available,the individual needs,preferences and values of patients | 11 | 3 | 4 | 67, primary studies | 3, NICE’ s Guidance Executive, references to other NICE guidance or hyperlinks to other NICE endorsed tools or resources, the latest government policy or guidelines, reflect the current practice context | 84 |
43 | WHO recommendations Intrapartum care for a positive childbirth experience [63] | 2018 | WHO | GRADE | Intrapartum care | the evidence domains on values, Equity, acceptability and feasibility | 56 | 0 | 12 | 15, primary studies systematic review | updated after five years as more evidence becomes available | 210 |
44 | Guidelines for managing advanced HIV disease and rapid initiation of antiretroviral therapy [64] | 2017 | WHO | GRADE | HIV disease | the evidence domains on values, Equity, acceptability and feasibility | 2 | 0 | 1 | 5, primary studies | updated after five years as more evidence becomes available | 56 |
45 | Protecting, promoting and supporting breastfeeding in facilities providing maternity and newborn services [65] | 2017 | WHO | GRADE | breastfeeding | the evidence domains on values, Equity, acceptability and feasibility | 15 | 6 | 6 | 42, primary studies | updated after five years as more evidence becomes available | 136 |
46 | Guidelines on HIV self-testing and partner notification: supplement to consolidated guidelines on HIV testing services [66] | 2016 | WHO | GRADE | HIV self-testing and partner notification | the evidence domains on values, Equity, acceptability and feasibility | 12 | 0 | 4 | 10, primary studies systematic review | updated after five years as more evidence becomes available | 104 |
47 | WHO recommendations on antenatal care for a positive pregnancy experience [67] | 2016 | WHO | GRADE | antenatal care | the evidence domains on values, Equity, acceptability and feasibility | 49 | 6 | 6 | 10, primary studies systematic review | updated after five years as more evidence becomes available | 172 |
48 | Health worker roles in providing safe abortion care and post-abortion contraception [68] | 2015 | WHO | GRADE | safe abortion care and post-abortion contraception | the evidence domains on values, Equity, acceptability and feasibility | 116 | 8 | 8 | 204, primary studies systematic review | updated after five years as more evidence becomes available | 92 |
49 | WHO recommendations on health promotion interventions for maternal and newborn health [69] | 2015 | WHO | GRADE | maternal and newborn health | the evidence domains on values, Equity, acceptability and feasibility | 12 | 0 | 6 | 6, primary studies systematic review | updated after five years as more evidence becomes available | 94 |
50 | WHO recommendations optimizing health worker roles to improve access to key maternal and newborn health interventions through task shifting [70] | 2012 | WHO | GRADE | maternal and newborn health interventions | the evidence domains on values, Equity, acceptability and feasibility | 38 | 0 | 23 | 17, primary studies systematic review | updated after five years as more evidence becomes available | 98 |
51 | Nursing practice guideline for emergency percutaneous coronary intervention [71] | 2019 | NCCD, CCBNA, RC-NTPC-AMSPUMC, EBMCLU | GRADE | emergency percutaneous coronary intervention | – | 20 | – | – | – | – | 6 |
52 | Expert consensus on breast tumor plastic surgery and breast reconstruction (2018 edition) [72] | 2018/− | CBCS, CSBS | GRADE | breast cancer | – | 46 | 0 | 3 | 3, primary studies | – | 42 |
53 | Gestational diabetes mellitus clinical nursing practice guideline [73] | 2018 | MHFU, SNFU, SEBNC | GRADE | Gestational diabetes mellitus | – | 69 | 0 | 1 | 2, primary studies systematic review | updated every three to five years | 116 |
54 | Evidence-based guidelines for breastfeeding of hospitalized newborns [74] | 2017 | PHFU, SNFU, JBI-EBNCCFU, SEBNC | GRADE | breastfeeding of hospitalized newborns | – | 83 | – | – | – | updated every three to five years | 97 |
55 | Clinical nursing guideline on cancer related fatigue in adults [75] | 2017 | JBI-EBNCCFU | GRADE | cancer related fatigue in adults | – | 33 | – | – | – | – | 5 |
56 | Clinical application of anaesthesia in accelerated rehabilitation surgery of colorectal surgery in lingnan expert consensus on operation specification (2016 edition) [76] | 2016/− | GD-MAARSB | GRADE | enterosurgery | – | 35 | 0 | 2 | 2, systematic review | – | 11 |
57 | HIV/AIDS nursing clinical practice guidelines [77] | 2016 | SPHCC, JBI-EBNCCFU | GRADE | HIV/AIDS nursing | – | 139 | 0 | 2 | 2, systematic review | updated every three to five years | 216 |
58 | Nursing practice guideline of acute heart failure [78] | 2016 | NCCD, HFCCMA, BNS | GRADE | acute heart failure | – | 25 | – | – | – | – | 10 |
59 | Clinical nursing practice guideline for enteral nutrition for infants with congenital heart disease [79] | 2016 | JBI-EBNCCFU, SEBNC, PHFU | GRADE | congenital heart disease | – | 38 | – | – | – | updated every five years | 134 |
60 | Clinical practice guideline for nasogastric tube feeding among adult patients [80] | 2015 | ECHFU, SNFU | GRADE | nasogastric tube feeding among adult patients | – | 99 | – | – | – | – | 142 |
61 | Clinical practice guidelines of peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) catheterization [81] | 2014 | FUSCC, SNFU, JBI-EBNCCFU | GRADE | peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) catheterization | – | 56 | 0 | 1 | 1, primary studies | updated every three to five years | 66 |
62 | Evidence-based clinical practice guideline on prevention and management of medication errors in hospitalized adult patients [82] | 2014 | SNFU | GRADE | prevention and management of medication errors | – | 28 | – | – | – | – | 4 |
63 | Clinical practice guideline for oral care on critically ill patients with endotracheal intubation [83] | 2013 | JBI-EBNCCFU, SNFU | GRADE | oral care on critically ill patients | – | 17 | – | – | – | – | 110 |
64 | Clinical practice guideline on inpatient fall prevention [84] | 2011 | JBI-EBNCCFU | GRADE | inpatient fall prevention | – | 31 | – | – | – | updated every three to five years | 57 |